Stuart B. Schwartz

It would seem unlikely that one could discover tolerant religious attitudes in Spain, Portugal, and the New World colonies during the era of the Inquisition, when enforcement of Catholic orthodoxy was widespread and brutal. Yet this groundbreaking book does exactly that. Drawing on an enormous body of historical evidence—including records of the Inquisition itself—the historian Stuart Schwartz investigates the idea of religious tolerance and its evolution in the Hispanic world from 1500 to 1820. Focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of common people rather than those of intellectual elites, the author finds that no small segment of the population believed in freedom of conscience and rejected the exclusive validity of the Church. The book explores various sources of tolerant attitudes, the challenges that the New World presented to religious orthodoxy, the complex relations between “popular” and “learned” culture, and many related topics. The volume concludes with a discussion of the relativist ideas that were taking hold elsewhere in Europe during this era.

Religious Tolerance and Salvation in the Iberian Atlantic World

All Can be Saved

James Lockhart

A brief general history of Latin America in the period between the European conquest and the independence of the Spanish American countries and Brazil serves as an introduction to this quickly changing field of study.

A History of Colonial Spanish America and Brazil

Early Latin America

"O 'segredo interno' é o motor, o nexo, da sociedade colonial: as relações sociais que vigoram na produção açucareira. DE dez anos de manuseio e de novas fontes primárias minuciosamente pesquisadas, emerge uma revisão ampla de três séculos de Brasil escravista. NEste estudo rico e incisivo, que marcará época, Stuart Schwartz realiza a façanha de conectar os ritmos da metrópole e a natureza do Estado colonial com o cotidiano dos grupos sociais que o engenho de açúcar produz."Manuela Carneiro da Cunha

engenhos e escravos na sociedade colonial 1550-1835

Segredos internos

University Stuart B Schwartz

Colonial Brazil was a multiracial society, profoundly influenced by slavery and the plantation system. This study examines the history of the sugar economy and the peculiar development of plantation society over a three hundred year period in Bahia, a major sugar-plantation zone and an important terminus of the Atlantic slave trade.

Bahia, 1550-1835

Sugar Plantations in the Formation of Brazilian Society

Wilcomb E. Washburn

Bruce G. Trigger

Richard E. W. Adams

Frank Salomon

Murdo J. MacLeod

Publisher description: The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, Volume II: Mesoamerica (Part One), gives a comprehensive and authoritative overview of all the important native civilizations of the Mesoamerican area, beginning with archaeological discussions of paleoindian, archaic and preclassic societies and continuing to the present. Fully illustrated and engagingly written, the book is divided into sections that discuss the native cultures of Mesoamerica before and after their first contact with the Europeans. The various chapters balance theoretical points of view as they trace the cultural history and evolutionary development of such groups as the Olmec, the Maya, the Aztec, the Zapotec, and the Tarascan. The chapters covering the prehistory of Mesoamerica offer explanations for the rise and fall of the Classic Maya, the Olmec, and the Aztec, giving multiple interpretations of debated topics, such as the nature of Olmec culture. Through specific discussions of the native peoples of the different regions of Mexico, the chapters on the period since the arrival of the Europeans address the themes of contact, exchange, transfer, survivals, continuities, resistance, and the emergence of modern nationalism and the nation-state.

The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas

John R. McNeill

Matthew Mulcahy

Harry C Black Professor of History Philip J Morgan

George Burton Adams Professor of History Stuart B Schwartz

Sea and Land provides an in-depth environmental history of the Caribbean to ca 1850, with a coda that takes the story into the modern era. It explores the mixing, movement, and displacement of peoples and the parallel ecological mixing of animals, plants, microbes from Africa, Europe, elsewhere in the Americas, and as far away as Asia. It examines first the arrival of Native American to the region and the environmental transformations that followed. It then turns to the even more dramatic changes that accompanied the arrival of Europeans and Africans in the fifteenth century. Throughout it argues that the constant arrival, dispersal, and mingling of new plants and animals gave rise to a creole ecology. Particular attention is given to the emergence of Black slavery, sugarcane, and the plantation system, an unholy trinity that thoroughly transformed the region's demographic and physical landscapes and made the Caribbean a vital site in the creation of the modern western world. Increased attention to issues concerning natural resources, conservation, epidemiology, and climate have now made the environment and ecology of the Caribbean a central historical concern. Sea and Land is an effort to integrate that research in a new general environmental history of the region. Intended for scholars and students alike, it aims to foster both a fuller appreciation of the extent to which environmental factors shaped historical developments in the Caribbean, and the extent to which human actions have transformed the biophysical environment of the region over time. The combined work of eminent authors of environment and Latin American and Caribbean history, Sea and Land offers a unique approach to a region characterized by Edenic nature and paradisiacal qualities, as well as dangers, diseases, and disasters.

An Environmental History of the Caribbean

Sea and Land

A panoramic social history of hurricanes in the Caribbean The diverse cultures of the Caribbean have been shaped as much by hurricanes as they have by diplomacy, commerce, or the legacy of colonial rule. In this panoramic work of social history, Stuart Schwartz examines how Caribbean societies have responded to the dangers of hurricanes, and how these destructive storms have influenced the region's history, from the rise of plantations, to slavery and its abolition, to migrations, racial conflict, and war. Taking readers from the voyages of Columbus to the devastation of Hurricane Katrina, Schwartz looks at the ethical, political, and economic challenges that hurricanes posed to the Caribbean’s indigenous populations and the different European peoples who ventured to the New World to exploit its riches. He describes how the United States provided the model for responding to environmental threats when it emerged as a major power and began to exert its influence over the Caribbean in the nineteenth century, and how the region’s governments came to assume greater responsibilities for prevention and relief, efforts that by the end of the twentieth century were being questioned by free-market neoliberals. Schwartz sheds light on catastrophes like Katrina by framing them within a long and contentious history of human interaction with the natural world. Spanning more than five centuries and drawing on extensive archival research in Europe and the Americas, Sea of Storms emphasizes the continuing role of race, social inequality, and economic ideology in the shaping of our responses to natural disaster. Some images inside the book are unavailable due to digital copyright restrictions.

A History of Hurricanes in the Greater Caribbean from Columbus to Katrina

Sea of Storms

Early Brazil presents a collection of original sources, many published for the first time in English and some never before published in any language, that illustrates the process of conquest, colonization, and settlement in Brazil. The volume emphasizes the actions and interactions of the indigenous peoples, Portuguese, and Africans in the formation of the first extensive plantation colony based on slavery in the Americas, and it also includes documents that reveal the political, social, religious, and economic life of the colony. Original documents on early Brazilian history are difficult to find in English, and this collection will serve the interests of undergraduate students, as well as graduate students, who seek to make comparisons or to understand the history of Portuguese expansion.

A Documentary Collection to 1700

Early Brazil

Neste trabalho notável, Stuart B. Schwartz constrói uma história dos furacões no Caribe e analisa como podemos compreender as dimensões políticas e sociais dessas catástrofes para enfrentá-las melhor no futuro. As diversas culturas dos países que compõem o Caribe foram moldadas tanto por furacões como pela diplomacia, pelo comércio ou pelas consequências do domínio colonial. Em Mar de tormentas, Stuart B. Schwartz — um dos mais relevantes estudiosos sobre a América Latina — oferece uma abordagem inédita ao examinar como as sociedades caribenhas responderam a esses fenômenos naturais e de que forma eles influenciaram a região. Abrangendo um período de mais de cinco séculos, o historiador analisa os desafios éticos, políticos e econômicos que os furacões representam para as populações indígenas locais e os diferentes povos europeus que empreenderam expedições para explorar suas riquezas. O resultado é um trabalho primoroso de história social, que enfatiza o legado crucial do escravismo, da desigualdade social e da ideologia econômica na formulação de respostas aos desastres naturais. "Stuart B. Schwartz tem olhar aguçado para evidências, habilidade com detalhes e talento especial para povoar amplas paisagens históricas com vidas reais. Mar de tormentas é exemplar: um trabalho de história ambiental sensível à cultura e um estudo de história cultural impulsionado, mas não determinado, pelo vento." — Felipe Fernández-Armesto, autor de 1492, Américo e Os desbravadores "A versatilidade de Schwartz como historiador atinge sua plenitude neste livro erudito, acessível e, por fim, essencial." — Kris Lane, Reviews in American History

Uma história dos furacões no Caribe, de Colombo ao Katrina

Mar de tormentas

The award-winning historian Stuart Schwartz offers revisionist views of some of the most controversial issues related to Brazilian slavery, in a book that will be of special interest to all historians of Brazil and of slavery in the Americas. He notes that the study of slavery has dropped its apparent preoccupation with the economic system, shifting to a concern with the nature of slave life and community. Schwartz argues, however, that this new ethnography must always be seen in the context of slavery as an oppressive social and economic system. His introductory section reviews major trends and works on Brazilian slavery in recent scholarship. Schwartz demonstrates the complexity of the slave system through a reconsideration of the themes of work, resistance, kinship, and relations between slaves and peasants. He provides new insights on the shifting power relationship between slaves and masters that constantly reshaped the contours of the country's society. Central to the volume is the role slaves played in shaping their own lives and in the construction and operation of the Brazilian slave system. Slaves were not independent historical actors able to mold their own destiny, but masters were limited, too, sometimes by the actions and attitudes of slaves.''Reconsiders the critical issues of how the Brazilian slave system operated, how it coexisted with a parallel system of agriculture based on free labor, and by what means African and Afro-Brazilian slaves acted to shape their own lives. . . . A coherent and highly challenging overview of one of the most important questions about Brazil's past. Handsomely printed and thoroughly documented.''--Choice ''Of interest to all concerned with the human interactions under nonfree--as well as free--labor systems and those involved with the historical study of slavery and slave societies.''--Stanley L. Engerman, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science ''A powerful volume.''--Roy Arthur Glasgow, International Journal of African Historical Studies

Reconsidering Brazilian Slavery

Slaves, Peasants, and Rebels

Peter N. Stearns

Marc Jason Gilbert

Michael B. Adas

ALERT: Before you purchase, check with your instructor or review your course syllabus to ensure that you select the correct ISBN. Several versions of Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products exist for each title, including customized versions for individual schools, and registrations are not transferable. In addition, you may need a CourseID, provided by your instructor, to register for and use Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products. Packages Access codes for Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products may not be included when purchasing or renting from companies other than Pearson; check with the seller before completing your purchase. Used or rental books If you rent or purchase a used book with an access code, the access code may have been redeemed previously and you may have to purchase a new access code. Access codes Access codes that are purchased from sellers other than Pearson carry a higher risk of being either the wrong ISBN or a previously redeemed code. Check with the seller prior to purchase. --

World Civilizations

It would seem unlikely that one could discover tolerant religious attitudes in Spain, Portugal, and the New World colonies during the era of the Inquisition, when enforcement of Catholic orthodoxy was widespread and brutal. Yet this groundbreaking book does exactly that. Drawing on an enormous body of historical evidence--including records of the Inquisition itself--the historian Stuart Schwartz investigates the idea of religious tolerance and its evolution in the Hispanic world from 1500 to 1820. Focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of common people rather than those of intellectual elites, the author finds that no small segment of the population believed in freedom of conscience and rejected the exclusive validity of the Church. The book explores various sources of tolerant attitudes, the challenges that the New World presented to religious orthodoxy, the complex relations between popular and learned culture, and many related topics. The volume concludes with a discussion of the relativist ideas that were taking hold elsewhere in Europe during this era.

All Can Be Saved

While the Spanish enterprise in America is relatively well known to the English-reading public, the Portuguese tropical empire in Brazil has remained until recently an unknown world. In Sovereignty and Society, Stuart B. Schwartz contributes to our understanding of the Brazilian past by providing for the first time a detailed study of the judicial bureaucracy that formed the framework on the colonial regime. This volume describes the process by which royal administrators maintained control and the techniques used by the whole Brazilian elite to guard its interest. At the core of the book is the previously unstudied Relação or High Court of Bahia, the supreme tribunal in colonial Brazil and an institution with broad administrative and political powers. Presided over by the governor-general or viceroy, the High Court stood at the apex of the colonial administrative structure and symbolized royal sovereignty. The author examines the origins, functions, conflicts, and history of the Relação, relying on little-used manuscript sources in over twenty-five archives and libraries in Brazil, Portugal, Spain, and England as well as the whole range of secondary literature. Of particular interest is the departure from traditional administrative history by emphasis on the people rather than the office of the Portuguese imperial bureaucracy. The bureaucrat-judges of the High Court are at the center of the study, and by a careful analysis of the personal and professional careers of these magistrates, the author demonstrates the utility of a human relations approach to the study of historical polities. He shows how the goals of the crown, the aspirations of the magistrates, and the interests of the Brazilian sugar planter elite were expressed and reconciled and how royal officials and the planters became linked by kinship and interest in a union of wealth and power. Finally, he argues that the penetration of such primary relations in the formal structure of a bureaucratic empire helps to explain the resiliency and the longevity of Portuguese rule in Brazil. The approach and findings of this book will interest not only those seeking a deeper understanding of the Brazilian past, but also historians, sociologists, and political scientists concerned with colonial regimes and bureaucratic polities in general. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1973.

The High Court of Bahia and Its Judges, 1609-1751

Sovereignty and Society in Colonial Brazil

The idea that sugar, plantations, slavery, and capitalism were all present at the birth of the Atlantic world has long dominated scholarly thinking. In nine original essays by a multinational group of top scholars, Tropical Babylons re-evaluates this so-called "sugar revolution." The most comprehensive comparative study to date of early Atlantic sugar economies, this collection presents a revisionist examination of the origins of society and economy in the Atlantic world. Focusing on areas colonized by Spain and Portugal (before the emergence of the Caribbean sugar colonies of England, France, and Holland), these essays show that despite reliance on common knowledge and technology, there were considerable variations in the way sugar was produced. With studies of Iberia, Madeira and the Canary Islands, Hispaniola, Cuba, Brazil, and Barbados, this volume demonstrates the similarities and differences between the plantation colonies, questions the very idea of a sugar revolution, and shows how the specific conditions in each colony influenced the way sugar was produced and the impact of that crop on the formation of "tropical Babylons--multiracial societies of great oppression. Contributors: Alejandro de la Fuente, University of Pittsburgh Herbert Klein, Columbia University John J. McCusker, Trinity University Russell R. Menard, University of Minnesota William D. Phillips Jr., University of Minnesota Genaro Rodriguez Morel, Seville, Spain Stuart B. Schwartz, Yale University Eddy Stols, Leuven University, Belgium Alberto Vieira, Centro de Estudos Atlanticos, Madeira

Sugar and the Making of the Atlantic World, 1450-1680

Tropical Babylons

A panoramic social history of hurricanes in the Caribbean The diverse cultures of the Caribbean have been shaped as much by hurricanes as they have by diplomacy, commerce, or the legacy of colonial rule. In this panoramic work of social history, Stuart Schwartz examines how Caribbean societies have responded to the dangers of hurricanes, and how these destructive storms have influenced the region's history, from the rise of plantations, to slavery and its abolition, to migrations, racial conflict, and war. Taking readers from the voyages of Columbus to the devastation of Hurricane Katrina, Schwartz looks at the ethical, political, and economic challenges that hurricanes posed to the Caribbean’s indigenous populations and the different European peoples who ventured to the New World to exploit its riches. He describes how the United States provided the model for responding to environmental threats when it emerged as a major power and began to exert its influence over the Caribbean in the nineteenth century, and how the region’s governments came to assume greater responsibilities for prevention and relief, efforts that by the end of the twentieth century were being questioned by free-market neoliberals. Schwartz sheds light on catastrophes like Katrina by framing them within a long and contentious history of human interaction with the natural world. Spanning more than five centuries and drawing on extensive archival research in Europe and the Americas, Sea of Storms emphasizes the continuing role of race, social inequality, and economic ideology in the shaping of our responses to natural disaster.

Stuart B. Schwartz

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