Susana Viegas

Urs Schlüter

M. Elizabeth Marder

Marina Almeida Silva

Brian Curwin

Modern exposure science is rooted in the industrial hygiene and radiation health physics practices of the last century, and exposure science continues to play an important role in occupational health. Today, an individual may encounter a wide range of agents that directly or indirectly result in some form of adverse effect or harm. Generally referred to as “stressors”, these agents can be chemical, physical, biological, or psychosocial, as well as mixtures thereof. Exposure science is the distinct discipline that encompasses the study of receptors and their behaviors related to contact with such stressors, the nature and extent of such contact, and the fate of these stressors over space and time.

Exposure Science and Occupational Health: Insights from ISES 2022

Ricardo Assunção

Mycotoxins are considered the most frequently occurring natural contaminants in human and animal diets. Considering their potential toxic and carcinogenic effects, mycotoxin exposure assessment has particular importance in the context of health risk assessment. The magnitude of a given exposure allows the derivation of the associated risk and the potential for the establishment of a disease. Although food ingestion is considered a major route of human exposure to mycotoxins, other contexts may also result in exposure, such as specific occupational environments where exposure to organic dust also occurs due to the handling of organic materials. Animals could be exposed to mycotoxins through consumption of contaminated feed, subsequently entering in the food chain and thus constituting a source of exposure to humans. Human biomonitoring is considered a new frontier for the establishment of the human internal exposure to mycotoxins. Although several studies have summarized the potential outcomes associated with mycotoxin exposure, major gaps in data remain in recognizing the mycotoxins that are the cause of diseases. This book contributes provides research that supports the anticipation of potential consequences of the exposure of humans and animals to mycotoxins, future risk assessments, and the establishment of preventive measures.

Mycotoxin Exposure and Related Diseases

Carla Viegas

Anita Gomes

Martin Täubel

Raquel Sabino

This book intends to provide information about detection and health effects due to bacteria, fungi and viruses in indoor environments. The book will cover also information about preventive and protective measures to avoid health-hazardous. Case studies will be also addressed to enrich the book with the expertise of each invited author. The book also intends to fill a gap regarding information about all biologic agents, since most of the books available are dedicated to only one type of microorganisms. For various different biologic agents and metabolites this book will compile information about indoors presence, detection methods, exposure assessment and health effects. Several problems regarding the exposure of biologic agents will be presented through case studies, and also the implementation of preventive and protective measures to avoid/minimize exposure. Besides, all the book will focus on occupational health and/or public health point of view.

Exposure to Microbiological Agents in Indoor and Occupational Environments

Susana Viegas

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