Tony Ward

Clare-Ann Fortune

Dynamic risk factors are the children of risk prediction. They were identified to help practitioners assess risk of recidivism and to set treatment targets likely to reduce reoffending. This resulted in the development of intervention programs designed to modify the characteristics of individuals and their environments associated with crime. The predictive nature of their legacy lies in their ability to provide reliable information about the likelihood of future reoffending. In this respect, dynamic risk factors are useful complements to static risk factors such as age, gender, and history of offending, and add incremental validity to recidivism prediction. Their treatment utility resides in the fact that practitioners increasingly rely on the identification of dynamic risk factors to direct correctional assessment and interventions. Thus, dynamic risk factors have a dual status. They are both useful predictors of reoffending and measures of risk status, and potential causes of reoffending, capable of serving an explanatory role as well as a predictive one. It is a simple and powerful conceptualization that has streamlined forensic and correctional research, program development, and the delivery of treatment. Despite its conceptual elegance we believe that the dual conceptualization of dynamic risk factors is problematic and these difficulties spill over into their role in assessment, assessment, treatment, and desistance contexts. In this publication, the nature and function of dynamic risk factors are investigated and their strengths and limitations identified. This book was originally published as a special issue of Psychology, Crime and Law.

What role should they play in the explanation, assessment and rehabilitation of offenders?

Dynamic Risk Factors

Andrew Day

Kevin Howells

Sharon Casey

James Vess

This book aims to describe, collate, and summarise a body of recent research – both theoretical and empirical – that explores the issue of treatment readiness in offender programming. Included within each section are contributions from a number of authors whose work has stimulated discussion and helped to inform practice in offender rehabilitation, making this an important resource for those who have an interest in the delivery of rehabilitation and reintegration programmes for offenders.

Offender Readiness and Rehabilitation

Transitions to Better Lives

Arnaud Plagnol

This book proposes a novel method of combining the current approaches to counselling and psychotherapy into one coherent framework. The authors argue that the cognitive behavioural tradition (largely focused on thought patterns) and the psychodynamic approach (centred on the client’s experience and relationships), can be successfully integrated with insights from cognitive neuroscience, to form a fruitful synthesis. In doing so they provide a perspective that will enable practitioners to more fully appreciate each client’s unique inner world, based on their individual history and environment. The authors point towards the brain’s innate ability to understand and learn from experience so as to direct the growth of that inner world. This book elaborates a method of tapping into this innate growth potential, so as to help clients move forward when they have become trapped in non-productive patterns or mental stalemates. It will provide fresh insights and a valuable resource for counselling psychologists, counsellors and psychotherapists, as well as for academics and students in these fields.

Cognitive Psychodynamics as an Integrative Framework in Counselling Psychology and Psychotherapy

Penny Green

Shows how transnational corporations use lobby groups to shape EU policy. New updated edition

Governments, Violence and Corruption

State Crime

If you enjoy puzzle solving you will enjoy the novel approach of Unravelling Sussex. Based on Tony Ward's Poetry+ series in Sussex Life, each famous Sussex person or place is introduced by a 'puzzle-poem'. The challenge is to unravel the embedded clues, solved by the chapter that follows. This innovative little book brings new life to the aims 'to inform, educate and entertain'.

Around the County in Riddles

Unravelling Sussex

Ward, Laws and Hudson are among the world's leading authorities in the area of understanding and treating sex offenders. They address the biological, developmental, cultural, and learning factors in the genesis and development of sexual deviancy and links those theories to interventions with sex offenders. Sexual Deviance examines why sex offences are committed and covers the controversies surrounding what to do about it. It discusses cutting edge theoretical developments in etiology, rehabilitation and practice. Sexual Deviance is divided into two sections: The first covers explanations of sexual deviance, including ethical issues and classification systems for sexually deviant disorders. The second section addresses responses to sexual deviance including traditional and newer intervention approaches. This is an area fraught with controversies both within the clinical community and in the public policy sector, and the authors seek to discuss those issues that are particularly controversial.

Issues and Controversies

Sexual Deviance

D. Richard Laws

This book offers a fresh perspective on treating a population that is often demonized by policymakers, the public, and even clinicians. The authors argue that most sex offenders are "people like us," with the potential to lead meaningful, law-abiding lives—if given a chance and appropriate support. They describe an empirically and theoretically grounded rehabilitation approach, the Good Lives Model, which can be integrated with the assessment and intervention approaches that clinicians already use. Drawing on the latest knowledge about factors promoting desistance from crime, the book discusses how encouraging naturally occurring desistance processes, and directly addressing barriers to community reintegration, can make treatment more effective and long lasting.

Alternatives to Throwing Away the Keys

Desistance from Sex Offending

John F. Schumaker

Draws together the concepts of culture and cognition in the wider context of psychopathology in an interdisciplinary volume.

Cultural Cognition and Psychopathology

Shadd Maruna

Rehabilitation (Key Ideas in Criminology Series)

State Crime and Civil Activism explores the work of non-government organisations (NGOs) challenging state violence and corruption in six countries – Colombia, Tunisia, Kenya, Turkey, Myanmar and Papua New Guinea. It discusses the motives and methods of activists, and how they document and criticise wrongdoing by governments. It documents the dialectical process by which repression stimulates and shapes the forces of resistance against it. Drawing on over 350 interviews with activists, this book discusses their motives; the tactics they use to withstand and challenge repression; and the legal and other norms they draw upon to challenge the state, including various forms of law and religious teaching. It analyses the relation between political activism and charitable work, and the often ambivalent views of civil society organisations towards violence. It highlights struggles over land as one of the key areas of state and corporate crime and civil resistance. The interviews illustrate and enrich the theoretical premise that civil society plays a vital part in defining, documenting and denouncing state crime. They show the diverse and vibrant forms that civil society takes in a widely varied group of countries. This book will be of much interest to undergraduate and postgraduate social science students studying criminology, international relations, political science, anthropology and development studies. It will also be of interest to human rights defenders, NGOs and civil society.

On the Dialectics of Repression and Resistance

State Crime and Civil Activism

Tribes of the Chrysalis: A Crowning of Thorns is a spiritual novel based on real experiences in the mountains above Sedona, Arizona. Men of all ages met and discussed and helped each other learn from where they came from, their wounds, and their healing over a three-day period of spiritual ceremony.

A Crowning of Thorns

Tribes of the Chrysalis

Russil Durrant

In our attempts to understand crime, researchers typically focus on proximate factors such as the psychology of offenders, their developmental history, and the social structure in which they are embedded. While these factors are important, they don't tell the whole story. Evolutionary Criminology: Towards a Comprehensive Explanation of Crime explores how evolutionary biology adds to our understanding of why crime is committed, by whom, and our response to norm violations. This understanding is important both for a better understanding of what precipitates crime and to guide approaches for effectively managing criminal behavior. This book is divided into three parts. Part I reviews evolutionary biology concepts important for understanding human behavior, including crime. Part II focuses on theoretical approaches to explaining crime, including the evolution of cooperation, and the evolutionary history and function of violent crime, drug use, property offending, and white collar crime. The developmental origins of criminal behavior are described to account for the increase in offending during adolescence and early adulthood as well as to explain why some offenders are more likely to desist than others. Proximal causes of crime are examined, as well as cultural and structural processes influencing crime. Part III considers human motivation to punish norm violators and what this means for the development of a criminal justice system. This section also considers how an evolutionary approach contributes to our understanding of crime prevention and reduction. The section closes with an evolutionary approach to understanding offender rehabilitation and reintegration. Reviews how evolutionary findings improve our understanding of crime and punishment Examines motivations to offend, and to punish norm violators Articulates evolutionary explanations for adolescent crime increase Identifies how this knowledge can aid in crime prevention and reduction, and in offender rehabilitation

Tony Ward

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