Tore Bjørgo

Traditional "schools" of crime prevention, like the criminal justice model, social crime prevention or situational crime prevention, have proved to be too narrow and do not combine well with other approaches. However, each of these models provides important insights and contributions for reducing crime. By extracting the main preventive mechanisms of these diverse approaches, this book develops a more holistic, general model that consists of nine preventive mechanisms: building normative barriers to crime, reducing recruitment, deterrence, disruption, incapacitation, protecting vulnerable targets, reducing benefits of crime, reducing harm, and facilitating desistance. The measures to activate the preventive mechanisms may differ according to the type of crime, as may the actors in charge of implementing the relevant measures. However, Tore Bjørgo demonstrates how his model of crime prevention can be effectively applied to diverse forms of crime, from domestic burglaries to criminal youth gangs and driving under the influence to organized crime and terrorism. In doing so, this important book will be of interest to scholars and students of policing, security studies and criminology, as well as practitioners and policy-makers.

A Holistic Approach

Preventing Crime

Patterns, Perpetrators and Responses

Racist and Right-wing Violence in Scandinavia

Miroslav Mareš

This edited volume traces the rise of far right vigilante movements – some who have been involved in serious violence against minorities, migrants and other vulnerable groups in society, whereas other vigilantes are intimidating but avoid using violence. Written by an international team of contributors, the book features case studies from Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, and Asia. Each chapter is written to a common research template examining the national social and political context, the purpose of the vigilante group, how it is organised and operates, its communications and social media strategy and its relationship to mainstream social actors and institutions, and to similar groups in other countries. The final comparative chapter explores some of the broader research issues such as under which conditions such vigiliantism emerges, flourishes or fails, policing approaches, masculinity, the role of social media, responses from the state and civil society, and the evidence of transnational co-operation or inspiration. This is a groundbreaking volume which will be of particular interest to scholars with an interest in the extreme right, social movements, political violence, policing and criminology.

Vigilantism against Migrants and Minorities (OPEN ACCESS)

This team of international experts analyses the possibilities and limitations of preventing or reducing terrorism by addressing the factors that give rise to it and sustain it. The key questions raised include: * what are the main circumstances that provide preconditions for the emergence of various types of terrorism? * what are the typical precipitants that trigger terrorist campaigns? * to what extent is it possible to reduce the problem of terrorism by influencing these causes and circumstances? * should we address those factors that sustain terrorist campaigns rather than root causes? This book is edited by Tore Bjørgo - Senior Research Fellow at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), Professor and Research Director at the Norwegian Police University College.

Myths, Reality and Ways Forward

Root Causes of Terrorism

Yngve Carlsson

Hva kan kommune, skole, politi, foreldre og lokalbefolkning gjøre når det oppstår rasistiske ungdomsmiljøer eller voldelige ungdomsgjenger i lokalsamfunnet? Denne boken bygger på omfattende forskning om rasistiske og voldelige ungdomsmiljøer, og praktiske erfaringer fra kommuner som har hatt denne typen problemer. Forfatterne beskriver analyseverktøy og arbeidsmetoder som kan brukes for å utvikle målrettede lokale tiltak med sikte på å forebygge og bekjempe voldshandlinger og voldelige gjenger. Her er en rekke konkrete eksempler som illustrerer mulige handlingsstrategier og tiltak. Målet er å hindre at ungdom går inn i voldelige eller rasistiske grupper. Medf.: Yngve Carlsson.

forebygging og bekjempelse

Vold, rasisme og ungdomsgjenger

Marie-Louise Damen

Does a more academic type of police education produce new police officers that are reluctant to patrol the streets? What is the impact of gender diversity and political orientation on a police students’ career aspirations and attitudes to policing? These are some of the questions addressed by this longitudinal project, following police students in seven European countries. The unique data material makes it possible to explore a wide range of topics relevant to the future development of policing, police education and police science more generally. Part I presents an overview of the different goals and models of police education in the seven participating countries. Part II describes what type of student is attracted to police education, taking into consideration educational background, political orientation and career aspirations. Part III shows the social impact of police education by examining students’ orientations towards emerging competence areas; students’ career aspirations; and students’ attitudes concerning trust, cynicism and legalism. The overall results show that police students are strikingly similar across different types of police education. Students in academic institutions are at least as interested in street patrolling as students in vocational training institutions. Gender and recruitment policies matters more in relation to career preferences than education models. The national context plays a more important role than the type of police education system. Written in a clear and direct style, this book will appeal to students and scholars in policing, criminology, sociology, social theory and cultural studies and those interested in how police education shapes its graduates.

Tore Bjørgo

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