Viviane E Dittrich

Kerstin Von Lingen

Philipp Osten

Edited by Dr. Viviane E. Dittrich, Prof. Kerstin von Lingen, Prof. Philipp Osten and Dr. Jolana Makraiova, this book concerns the 'International Military Tribunal for the Far East' (IMTFE), held in Tokyo from May 1946 to November 1948. It was a landmark event in the development of modern international criminal law. The trial in Tokyo was a complex undertaking and international effort to hold individuals accountable for core international crimes and delivering justice. The Tribunal consisted of 11 judges and respective national prosecution teams from 11 countries, and a mixed Japanese-American team of defence lawyers. The IMTFE indicted 28 Japanese defendants, amongst them former prime ministers, cabinet ministers, military leaders, and diplomats, based on a 55-count indictment pertaining to crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The judgment was not unanimous, with one majority judgment, two concurring opinions, and three dissenting opinions. The trial and the outcome were the subject of significant controversy and the Tribunal's files were subsequently shelved in the archives. While its counterpart in Europe, the 'International Military Tribunal' (IMT) at Nuremberg, has been at the centre of public and scholarly interest, the Tokyo Tribunal has more recently gained international scholarly attention. This volume combines perspectives from law, history, and the social sciences to discuss the legal, historical, political and cultural significance of the Tokyo Tribunal. The collection is based on an international conference marking the 70th anniversary of the judgment of the IMTFE, which was held in Nuremberg in 2018. The volume features reflections by eminent scholars and experts on the establishment and functioning of the Tribunal, procedural and substantive issues as well as receptions and repercussions of the trial.

Perspectives on Law, History and Memory

The Tokyo Tribunal

Morten Bergsmo

This is the first book to comprehensively analyse integrity in international justice. Thirty-three chapters discuss in-depth the meaning of integrity, awareness and culture of integrity, the roles of international organizations and states as well as international courts in enhancing integrity, integrity as seen through the lens of cases, and the relationship between the principles of independence and integrity. The book considers integrity as a legally binding standard in international courts, while including perspectives from other disciplines such as philosophy, history, psychology and religion. It argues that respect for integrity among high officials and staff members is a prerequisite for international courts and other international organizations to fulfil their mandates. The authors include the prominent judges Hans Corell, Richard J. Goldstone, Hanne Sophie Greve, Ivana Hrdličková, Erik Møse and David Re, and 37 other leading actors and experts in the field of international justice: Adedeji Adekunle, Jonathan Agar, Marina Aksenova, Antonio Angotti, Mohamed Badar, Morten Bergsmo, Vieri Biondi, Julija Bogoeva, Emiliano J. Buis, Andrew T. Cayley CMG QC, Dieneke T. de Vos, Viviane E. Dittrich, David Donat Cattin, Gunnar Ekeløve-Slydal, Polona Florijančič, Jan Fougner, Shannon Fyfe, Gregory S. Gordon, Alexander Heinze, Marta Hirsch-Ziembinska, Brigid Inder OBE, Karim A.A. Khan, Cyril Laucci, Adel Maged, Teresa McHenry, Suhail Mohammed, Salim A. Nakhjavani, Juan Carlos Botero Navia, Matthias Neuner, Shan Patel, Adrian M. Plevin, Basil Saen, Bettina Julia Spilker, Christopher Staker, Ann Marie Ursini, Melissa Verpile and William H. Wiley.

Viviane E Dittrich

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