National Gallery of Art (U.S.)

Wolf Singer

Paul Staiti

Sybille Ebert-Schifferer

Arthur K. Wheelock, Jr.

Alberto Veca

"Trompe l'oeil, French for "fool or deceive the eye", is a genre dating back to antiquity that has fascinated both painters and viewers from the Renaissance to the present day. Both witty and serious, it describes paintings that imitate natural appearances so convincingly that viewers momentarily mistake the objects depicted for the real thing. The moment of deception, however, is brief. Uncertainty over what is real and what is illusion is soon replaced by amusement at having been tricked and admiration for the artist's ingenuity and skill." "Deceptions and Illusions explores the art of trompe l'oeil in more than 100 European and American paintings ranging in date from the fifteenth through the twentieth centuries by such practitioners as Samuel van Hoogstraten, William M. Harnett, John Haberle, Jasper Johns and Roy Lichtenstein. Organised thematically, the volume begins with works of art inspired by ancient prototypes and with paintings by early Renaissance artists whose close observation of nature was a prerequisite for eye-deceiving illusionism. It then presents the principal subjects of trompe l'oeil artists, beginning with images of letters, prints, dollar bills, and other essentially flat objects that appear to rest on the picture surface, and then moves to three-dimensional illusions in which objects appear to project or recede from the picture plane, blurring the boundary between real and fictitious space. Finally, the volume illustrates the legacy of the art of trompe l'oeil for twentieth-century artists." "Five essays by experts in European and American art and in the science of seeing examine the phenomenon and persistence of trompe l'oeil over the centuries."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Five Centuries of Trompe L'oeil Painting

Deceptions and Illusions

Matthieu Ricard

Converging and diverging views on the mind, the self, consciousness, the unconscious, free will, perception, meditation, and other topics. Buddhism shares with science the task of examining the mind empirically; it has pursued, for two millennia, direct investigation of the mind through penetrating introspection. Neuroscience, on the other hand, relies on third-person knowledge in the form of scientific observation. In this book, Matthieu Ricard, a Buddhist monk trained as a molecular biologist, and Wolf Singer, a distinguished neuroscientist--close friends, continuing an ongoing dialogue--offer their perspectives on the mind, the self, consciousness, the unconscious, free will, epistemology, meditation, and neuroplasticity. Ricard and Singer's wide-ranging conversation stages an enlightening and engaging encounter between Buddhism's wealth of experiential findings and neuroscience's abundance of experimental results. They discuss, among many other things, the difference between rumination and meditation (rumination is the scourge of meditation, but psychotherapy depends on it); the distinction between pure awareness and its contents; the Buddhist idea (or lack of one) of the unconscious and neuroscience's precise criteria for conscious and unconscious processes; and the commonalities between cognitive behavioral therapy and meditation. Their views diverge (Ricard asserts that the third-person approach will never encounter consciousness as a primary experience) and converge (Singer points out that the neuroscientific understanding of perception as reconstruction is very like the Buddhist all-discriminating wisdom) but both keep their vision trained on understanding fundamental aspects of human life.

Conversations Between Buddhism and Neuroscience

Beyond the Self

Ist das, was wir wahrnehmen, die Wirklichkeit? Können wir unseren Geist trainieren und Achtsamkeit lernen? Ist Liebe steuerbar? Und wie können wir ein erfülltes, selbstbestimmtes Leben führen, wenn Hirnstrukturen unsere Entscheidungen vorzeichnen? In diesem Buch treten Wolf Singer, einer der weltweit führenden Hirnforscher und streitbarer Bezweifler der Willensfreiheit, und Matthieu Ricard, Molekularbiologe, buddhistischer Mönch und Bestsellerautor, in einen Dialog über Kernfragen unserer Existenz – über Glück, Selbstkontrolle und die Macht von Gefühlen. Die Neugier und Offenheit der beiden Gesprächspartner ermöglicht es, dass ihre auf den ersten Blick gegensätzlichen Positionen gänzlich unerwartete Verbindungen sichtbar machen. Wissenschaftlich fundiert und auf der Basis jahrzehntelanger Erfahrungen denken sie gemeinsam darüber nach, was wir tun können, um gute und glückliche Menschen zu werden.

Dialoge zwischen einem Hirnforscher und einem buddhistischen Mönch

Jenseits des Selbst

Terrence J. Sejnowski

Pasko Rakic

Experts review the latest research on the neocortex and consider potential directions for future research. Over the past decade, technological advances have dramatically increased information on the structural and functional organization of the brain, especially the cerebral cortex. This explosion of data has radically expanded our ability to characterize neural circuits and intervene at increasingly higher resolutions, but it is unclear how this has informed our understanding of underlying mechanisms and processes. In search of a conceptual framework to guide future research, leading researchers address in this volume the evolution and ontogenetic development of cortical structures, the cortical connectome, and functional properties of neuronal circuits and populations. They explore what constitutes “uniquely human” mental capacities and whether neural solutions and computations can be shared across species or repurposed for potentially uniquely human capacities. Contributors Danielle S. Bassett, Randy M. Bruno, Elizabeth A. Buffalo, Michael E. Coulter, Hermann Cuntz, Stanislas Dehaene, James J. DiCarlo, Pascal Fries, Karl J. Friston, Asif A. Ghazanfar, Anne-Lise Giraud, Joshua I. Gold, Scott T. Grafton, Jennifer M. Groh, Elizabeth A. Grove, Saskia Haegens, Kenneth D. Harris, Kristen M. Harris, Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos, Tarik F. Haydar, Takao K. Hensch, Wieland B. Huttner, Matthias Kaschube, Gilles Laurent, David A. Leopold, Johannes Leugering, Belen Lorente-Galdos, Jason N. MacLean, David A. McCormick, Lucia Melloni, Anish Mitra, Zoltán Molnár, Sydney K. Muchnik, Pascal Nieters, Marcel Oberlaender, Bijan Pesaran, Christopher I. Petkov, Gordon Pipa, David Poeppel, Marcus E. Raichle, Pasko Rakic, John H. Reynolds, Ryan V. Raut, John L. Rubenstein, Andrew B. Schwartz, Terrence J. Sejnowski, Nenad Sestan, Debra L. Silver, Wolf Singer, Peter L. Strick, Michael P. Stryker, Mriganka Sur, Mary Elizabeth Sutherland, Maria Antonietta Tosches, William A. Tyler, Martin Vinck, Christopher A. Walsh, Perry Zurn

The Neocortex

Antonio Damasio

Jean-Pierre P. Changeux

Man has been pondering for centuries over the basis of his own ethical and aesthetic values. Until recent times, such issues were primarily fed by the thinking of philosophers, moralists and theologists, or by the findings of historians or sociologists relating to universality or variations in these values within various populations. Science has avoided this field of investigation within the confines of philosophy. Beyond the temptation to stay away from the field of knowledge science may also have felt itself unconcerned by the study of human values for a simple heuristic reason, namely the lack of tools allowing objective study. For the same reason, researchers tended to avoid the study of feelings or consciousness until, over the past two decades, this became a focus of interest for many neuroscientists. It is apparent that many questions linked to research in the field of neuroscience are now arising. The hope is that this book will help to formulate them more clearly rather than skirting them. The authors do not wish to launch a new moral philosophy, but simply to gather objective knowledge for reflection.

Neurobiology of Human Values

Der Dialog zwischen den Natur- und den Kulturwissenschaften hat in den vergangenen Jahren an Intensität gewonnen, wobei die Hirnforschung einen zentralen Platz in der disziplinenübergreifenden Diskussion einnimmt. Es sind die mit der Hirnforschung verbundenen Fragen nach Bewußtsein, Identität und Selbstbestimmtheit des Menschen, denen sich der vorliegende Aufsatzband widmet. Der Autor führt in das Feld der Neurologie und der Neurobiologie ein und zeigt zugleich Chancen und Grenzen des Forschungsgebietes auf. Dabei entstehen zahlreiche Anknüpfungspunkte an die geisteswissenschaftliche Diskussion.

Essays zur Hirnforschung

Der Beobachter im Gehirn

Christoph von der Malsburg

William A. Phillips

An examination of how widely distributed and specialized activities of the brain are flexibly and effectively coordinated.

Wolf Singer

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