Computing Machinery and Intelligence

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Computing Machinery and Intelligence, written by Alan Turing and published in 1950 in Mind, is a seminal paper on the topic of artificial intelligence in which the concept of what is now known as the Turing test was introduced to a wide audience. Turing's paper considers the question Can machines think? Since the words think and machine can't be defined in clear way that satisfies everyone, Turing suggests we replace the question by another, which is closely related to it and is expressed in relatively unambiguous words. To do this, he must first find a simple and unambiguous idea to replace the word think, second he must explain exactly which machines he is considering, and finally, armed with these tools, he formulates a new question, related to the first, that he believes he can answer in the affirmative.