Gitta Sereny

The biography of Franz Stangl, commandant of the Treblinka extermination camp - a classic and utterly compelling study of evil Only four men commanded Nazi extermination (as opposed to concentration) camps. Franz Stangl was one of the. Gitta Sereny's investigation of this man's mind, and of the influences which shaped him, has become a classic. Stangl commanded Treblinka and was found guilty of co-responsibility for the slaughter there of at least 900, 000 people. Sereny, after weeks of talk with him and months of further research, shows us this man as he saw himself, and 'as he was seen by many others, including his wife. To horrify is not Sereny's aim, though horror is inevitable. She is seeking an answer to the question which beggars reason: How were human beings turned into instruments of such overwhelming evil? Gitta Sereny is of Hungarian-Austrian extraction and is trilingual in English, French and German. During the Second World War she became a social worker, caring for war-damaged children in France. She gave hundreds of lectures in schools and colleges in America and, when the war ended, she worked as a Child Welfare Officer in UNRRA displaced persons' camps in Germany. In 1949 she married the American Vogue photographer Don Honeyman and settled in London, where they brought up a son and a daughter and where she began her career as a journalist. Her journalistic work was of great variety but focussed particularly on the Third Reich and troubled children. She wrote mainly for the Daily Telegraph Magazine, the Sunday Times, The Times, the Independent and the Independent on Sunday Review. She also contributed to numerous newspapers and magazines around the world. Her books include: The Medallion, a novel; The Invisible Children, on child prostitution; Into That Darkness; and a biographical examination of Albert Speer. Gitta Sereny died in June 2012

From Mercy Killing to Mass Murder

Into That Darkness

Stefano Zorzi

Having examined again the reasons for the silence of Pope Pius XI, and disregarding for a moment the indisputable moral obliga- tion, we must ask the tragic question whether, if the Pope from the very beginning had taken a decisive stand against euthanasia, against the systematic debilitation by forced labour, starvation, sterilization and murder of the Eastern European populations, and finally against the extermination of the Jews, this could have affected the conscience of individual Catholics who were directly or indirectly implicated in these matters, enough to force the Nazis to change their policies. I have deliberately put this question into a chronological sequence, because it can only be answered by considering one development after another. We have seen in the preceding pages, on the basis of documents and events, how aware Hitler was of the importance of Catholic opinion. And we have seen in the statements of individuals con- cerned, such as Stangl and his wife, how much the tacit approval of the Church contributed to the pacification of their conscience. I think there is a valid comparison to be made between Stangl's (one individual's) and the Vatican's (fundamentally another indivi- dual's) step-by-step acquiescence to increasingly terible acts. The Very first failure to say 'No" was fatal, each succeeding step merely confirming the original and basic moral flaw. 

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