Joseph P. Forgas

Kipling D. Williams

William Von Hippel

This book focuses on the ubiquitous and powerful effects of ostracism, social exclusion, rejection, and bullying. Human beings are an intrinsically gregarious species. Most of our evolutionary success is no doubt due to our highly developed ability to cooperate and interact with each other. It is thus not surprising that instances of interpersonal rejection and social exclusion would have an enormously detrimental impact on the individual. Until 10 years ago, however, social psychology regarded ostracism, rejection and social exclusion as merely outcomes to be avoided, but we knew very little about their antecedents and consequences, and about the processes involved when they occurred. Furthermore, the literatures of ostracism, social exclusion and rejection have not until now included discussions of the bullying literature.

Ostracism, Social Exclusion, Rejection, and Bullying

The Social Outcast

"A rollicking tour through humanity's evolutionary past, and von Hippel is the consummate tour guide. With equal parts wisdom, humor, authority, and charm, he shows how our past explains the present and why our well-being rests on an understanding of how our minds evolved."--Adam Alter, New York Times bestselling author of Drunk Tank Pink and Irresistible Human psychology is rife with contradictions: We work hard to achieve our goals, but happiness at our success is fleeting. We hope our friends will do well but can't help but feel jealous if they do too well. We're aghast at the thought of people we know being murdered, but are unconcerned when our armed forces kill enemies we've never met. We complain about difficult bosses but are often just as bad when we're in charge. These inconsistencies may seem irrational, but each evolved to serve a vital function in our lives. Indeed, the most fundamental aspects of our psychology were permanently shaped by the "social leap" our ancestors made from the rainforest to the savannah. In their struggle to survive on the open grasslands, our ancestors prioritized teamwork and sociality over physical prowess, creating an entirely new kind of intelligence that forever altered our place on this planet. A blend of anthropology, biology, history, and psychology with evolutionary science, The Social Leap traces our evolutionary history to show how events in our distant past continue to shape our lives today. From why we exaggerate to why we believe our own lies, the implications are far-reaching and extraordinary.

The New Evolutionary Science of Who We Are, Where We Come From, and What Makes Us Happy

The Social Leap

Nelson Zagalo

“The Social Leap” (2018) é um livro de divulgação científica sobre psicologia evolucionária, escrito por William von Hippel, professor da Universidade de Queensland, Australia, reconhecido especialista da área. Enquanto livro de divulgação serve de introdução à área, trazendo pouco de novo a quem estuda ou segue o domínio. Talvez a parte mais interessante, ou com alguma novidade, introduzida pelo trabalho do próprio Von Hippel, seja o último terço do livro dedicado à discussão da psicologia evolucionária que suporta o sentimento humano de felicidade.

A psicologia evolucionária é uma abordagem teórica ao campo da psicologia que procura identificar e explicar os fenómenos psicológicos — da emoção e cognição — a partir de uma perspetiva darwinista, ou seja, sustentada em processos de seleção natural e sexual. Confesso-me como um profundo seguidor da abordagem pelo modo como tende a oferecer maior suporte científico à teorização em psicologia, seguindo em particular os trabalhos de investigadores como John Bowlby, Paul Ekman, Simon Baron-Cohen, Steven Pinker, Paul Bloom, Michael Tomasello ou Denis Dutton. Contudo, não deixo de ter um olhar crítico perante a abordagem, uma vez que as metodologias de demonstração das teorias são limitadas, não se podendo falar em evidência empírica na maior parte das teorizações. Por outro lado, a triangulação entre biologia, antropologia e psicologia, nomeadamente por via dos recentes desenvolvimentos das neurociências têm vindo a dar suporte a muito do que se debate na área.

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William von Hippel

In the compelling popular science tradition of Sapiens and Guns, Germs, and Steel, a groundbreaking and eye-opening exploration that applies evolutionary science to provide a new perspective on human psychology, revealing how major challenges from our past have shaped some of the most fundamental aspects of our being. The most fundamental aspects of our lives—from leadership and innovation to aggression and happiness—were permanently altered by the "social leap" our ancestors made from the rainforest to the savannah. Their struggle to survive on the open grasslands required a shift from individualism to a new form of collectivism, which forever altered the way our mind works. It changed the way we fight and our proclivity to make peace, it changed the way we lead and the way we follow, it made us innovative but not inventive, it created a new kind of social intelligence, and it led to new sources of life satisfaction. In The Social Leap, William von Hippel lays out this revolutionary hypothesis, tracing human development through three critical evolutionary inflection points to explain how events in our distant past shape our lives today. From the mundane, such as why we exaggerate, to the surprising, such as why we believe our own lies and why fame and fortune are as likely to bring misery as happiness, the implications are far reaching and extraordinary. Blending anthropology, biology, history, and psychology with evolutionary science, The Social Leap is a fresh and provocative look at our species that provides new clues about who we are, what makes us happy, and how to use this knowledge to improve our lives.

The Social Outcast Ostracism, Social Exclusion, Rejection, and Bullying

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