Here, translated into English for the first time, is a cultural record of the folk music of Eastern Europe. This volume consists of some of Ethnomusicologist Moshe Beregovski's responses to Jewish folk music in its living context during the 1930s, including essays on Ukrainian musical influences, klezmer music, and characteristic scale patterns. Also included are Beregovski's anthologies of hundreds of folk songs with full Yiddish and English song texts. Each song is carefully notated exactly as it was sung and is accompanied by Beregovski's notes on origins and variants.