William L Cleveland

This comprehensive work provides a penetrating analysis of modern Middle Eastern history, from the Ottoman and Egyptian reforms, through the challenge of Western imperialism, to the Iranian Revolution and the Gulf War. After introducing the reader to the region's history from the origins of Islam in the seventh century, Cleveland focuses on the past two centuries of profound and often dramatic change. While built around a framework of political history, the book also carefully integrates social, cultural, and economic developments into a single, carefully crafted account. The revised and updated second edition of this benchmark text includes information on the Middle East since the close of the Cold War, and a new section on civil society and Islamic politics in the 1990s.

A History Of The Modern Middle East

Kay so Queso

As an Egyptian diplomat noted regarding the ambivalence Iraq's actions evoked, "The invasion is a black and white situation. We condemn it. But the reasons for the invasion are not so black and white."

The merits  the arguments presented on Capitol Hill mattered little—President Bush had already made the decision to go to war.

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