Jonathan Conlin

When Calouste Gulbenkian died in 1955 at the age of 86, he was the richest man in the world, known as 'Mr Five Per Cent' for his personal share of Middle East oil. The son of a wealthy Armenian merchant in Istanbul, for half a century he brokered top-level oil deals, concealing his mysterious web of business interests and contacts within a labyrinth of Asian and European cartels, and convincing governments and oil barons alike of his impartiality as an 'honest broker'. Today his name is known principally through the Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon, to which his spectacular art collection and most of his vast wealth were bequeathed.Gulbenkian's private life was as labyrinthine as his business dealings. He insisted on the highest 'moral values', yet ruthlessly used his wife's charm as a hostess to further his career, and demanded complete obedience from his family, whom he monitored obsessively. As a young man he lived a champagne lifestyle, escorting actresses and showgirls, and in later life - on doctor's orders - he slept with a succession of discreetly provided young women. Meanwhile he built up a superb art collection which included Rembrandts and other treasures sold to him by Stalin from the Hermitage Museum.Published to mark the 150th anniversary of his birth, Mr Five Per Cent reveals Gulbenkian's complex and many-sided existence. Written with full access to the Gulbenkian Foundation's archives, this is the fascinating story of the man who more than anyone else helped shape the modern oil industry.

The Many Lives of Calouste Gulbenkian, the World's Richest Man

Mr Five Per Cent

A biografia definitiva de Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkianm uma das figuras mais enigmáticas da História do século XX, por ocasião dos 150 anos do seu nascimento. Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkian morreu em Lisboa em 1955, aos 86 anos. Era, então, o homem mais rico do mundo. Conhecido como «o senhor cinco porcento» pela sua participação na primeira companhia petrolífera a extrair petróleo no Iraque, a sua vida privada é tão elusiva e bizantina quanto a sua forma de negociar. As mulheres de que se fazia acompanhar, os negócios com Estaline, a forma como usava a sua mulher, a encantadora Nevarte, para aprofundar relacionamentos e alianças, a sua paixão por arte. Em Portugal e no mundo, o seu nome estará sempre associado ao mecenato e à maior e mais importante colecção privada de arte do país, exposta na Fundação Gulbenkian. Mas a fortuna que acumulou ao longo da sua vida tinha origem nos negócios do petróleo e acordos de alto nível que mediou entre governos e barões da indústria. Jonathan Conlin enfrenta, neste livro, o caráter quase mítico de Calouste Gulbenkian, escrutinando a vida e os negócios de um dos homens mais influentes do seu tempo. Escrita com total acesso aos arquivos da Fundação Gulbenkian, esta é a biografia de um homem complexo no aniversário dos 150 anos do seu nascimento. Os elogios da crítica: «Calouste Gulbenkian acumulou tantos milhões que podia ter-se tornado, sozinho, uma potência internacional. Jonanthan Conlin, o astuto e obstinado biógrafo deste supermecenas arménio, nunca se deixa iludir pelos subterfúgios e artifícios do negócio do petróleo.» Richard Davenport-Hines

As muitas vidas de Calouste Gulbenkian

O homem mais rico do mundo

Dünyanin En Zengin Adami Kalust Gülbenkyanin Farkli Hayatlari

Bay Yüzde Bes

J. M. I. Klaver

Foreword: Amyas and me : a personal history of Charles Kingsley / John Sutherland -- Introduction: Charles Kingsley : "The most typical Victorian of them all" / Jan Marten Ivo Klaver and Jonathan Conlin -- "Love me! Baby! Love God!" : courtship, marriage, and the emergence of a Kingsleyan ascetics, 1839-1845 / Jonathan Conlin -- A "yeasty state of mind" : Charles Kingsley and the problem of self-culture / Richard Salmon -- "To amuse merely as a novel" : Alton Locke (1850) and literary pleasure / Francis O'Gorman -- Effeminate : Kingsley and the history of an epithet / James Eli Adams -- How odd is Kingsley's Hypatia? / Simon Goldhill -- The fly in the amber: the controversy with Newman / Jan Marten Ivo Klaver -- Kingsley's muscular poetics / Herbert F. Tucker -- Kingsley's Old Testament heroes / Gareth Atkins -- Charles Kingsley and the evolution of man and morals in The water-babies / Piers J. Hale -- Evolutionary and Anglican afterlives : death as a sacrament in Kingsley's Water babies / Alan Rauch -- Kingsley on race and empire / Theodore Koditschek -- Kingsley and the Irish Norman Vance -- Histories and historians / Leslie Howsam -- Afterword: Charles Kingsley as polymath / Bernard Lightman.

Faith, Flesh, and Fantasy

Charles Kingsley

Paris and London have long held a mutual fascination, and never more so than in the period 1750–1914, when they vied to be the world's greatest city. Each city has been the focus of many books, yet Jonathan Conlin here explores the complex relationship between them for the first time. The reach and influence of both cities was such that the story of their rivalry has global implications. By borrowing, imitating and learning from each other Paris and London invented the true metropolis. Tales of Two Cities examines and compares five urban spaces—the pleasure garden, the cemetery, the apartment, the restaurant and the music hall—that defined urban modernity in the nineteenth century. The citizens of Paris and London first created these essential features of the modern cityscape and so defined urban living for all of us.

Paris, London and the Birth of the Modern City

Tales of Two Cities

When Calouste Gulbenkian died in 1955 at the age of 86, he was the richest man in the world, known as 'Mr Five Per Cent' for his personal share of Middle East oil. The son of a wealthy Armenian merchant in Istanbul, for half a century he brokered top-level oil deals, concealing his mysterious web of business interests and contacts within a labyrinth of Asian and European cartels, and convincing governments and oil barons alike of his impartiality as an 'honest broker'. Today his name is known principally through the Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon, to which his spectacular art collection and most of his vast wealth were bequeathed. Gulbenkian's private life was as labyrinthine as his business dealings. He insisted on the highest 'moral values', yet ruthlessly used his wife's charm as a hostess to further his career, and demanded complete obedience from his family, whom he monitored obsessively. As a young man he lived a champagne lifestyle, escorting actresses and showgirls, and in later life - on doctor's orders - he slept with a succession of discreetly provided young women. Meanwhile he built up a superb art collection which included Rembrandts and other treasures sold to him by Stalin from the Hermitage Museum. Published to mark the 150th anniversary of his birth, Mr Five Per Cent reveals Gulbenkian's complex and many-sided existence. Written with full access to the Gulbenkian Foundation's archives, this is the fascinating story of the man who more than anyone else helped shape the modern oil industry.

The many lives of Calouste Gulbenkian, the world’s richest man

Russell Goulbourne

Simon Burrows

Valerie Mainz

Cross-dressing author, envoy, soldier and spy Charles d'Eon de Beaumont's unusual career fascinated his contemporaries and continues to attract historians, novelists, playwrights, filmmakers, image makers, cultural theorists and those concerned with manifestations of the extraordinary. D'Eon's significance as a historical figure was already being debated more than 45 years before his death. Not surprisingly, such sensational material has attracted the attention of enthusiasts, scholars and literateurs to 'the strange case of the chevalier d'Eon'. He has also attracted the attention of psychologists and sexologists, and for most of the last century his gender transformation has been viewed through a Freudian lens. His cross-dressing, it was usually assumed, must have a psychosexual explanation. Until the second half of the twentieth century the terms 'Eonist' and 'Eonism' were the standard English words for transvestites and transvestism respectively, but 'Eonism' was also, thanks to Havelock Ellis, widely regarded as a psychological condition or compulsion. However, in the mid-twentieth century, new ideas about gender-identity disorders led to d'Eon being redefined not as a transvestite, but a transsexual - a person who considers their sex to have been 'misassigned'. The essays in this collection contribute to d'Eon's rehabilitation as a figure worthy of scholarly attention and display a variety of disciplinary approaches. Drawing on new research into d'Eon's life, this volume offers original and nuanced readings of how a gender identity could come to be negotiated over time.

Gender, Espionage and Politics in the Eighteenth Century

The Chevalier d'Eon and his Worlds

Cross-dressing author, envoy, soldier and spy Charles d'Eon de Beaumont's unusual career fascinated his contemporaries and continues to attract historians, novelists, playwrights, filmmakers, image makers, cultural theorists and those concerned with manifestations of the extraordinary. D'Eon's significance as a historical figure was already being debated more than 45 years before his death. Ã?Â Not surprisingly, such sensational material has attracted the attention of enthusiasts, scholars and literateurs to 'the strange case of the chevalier d'Eon'. He has also attracted the attention of psychologists and sexologists, and for most of the last century his gender transformation has been viewed through a Freudian lens. His cross-dressing, it was usually assumed, must have a psychosexual explanation. Until the second half of the twentieth century the terms 'Eonist' and 'Eonism' were the standard English words for transvestites and transvestism respectively, but 'Eonism' was also, thanks to Havelock Ellis, widely regarded as a psychological condition or compulsion. However, in the mid-twentieth century, new ideas about gender-identity disorders led to d'Eon being redefined not as a transvestite, but a transsexual - a person who considers their sex to have been 'misassigned'. Ã?Â Ã?Â The essays in this collection contribute to d'Eon's rehabilitation as a figure worthy of scholarly attention and display a variety of disciplinary approaches. Drawing on new research into d'Eon's life, this volume offers original and nuanced readings of how a gender identity could come to be negotiated over time. Ã?Â

Charles Darwin's discovery of evolution by natural selection was the greatest scientific discovery of all time. The publication of his 1859 book, On the Origin of Species, is normally taken as the point at which evolution erupted as an idea, radically altering how the Victorians saw themselves and others. This book tells a very different story. Darwin's discovery was part of a long process of negotiation between imagination, faith and knowledge which began long before 1859 and which continues to this day. Evolution and the Victorians provides historians with a survey of the thinkers and debates implicated in this process, from the late 18th century to the First World War. It sets the history of science in its social and cultural context. Incorporating text-boxes, illustrations and a glossary of specialist terms, it provides students with the background narrative and core concepts necessary to engage with specialist historians such as Adrian Desmond, Bernard Lightman and James Secord. Conlin skilfully synthesises material from a range of sources to show the ways in which the discovery of evolution was a collaborative enterprise pursued in all areas of Victorian society, including many that do not at first appear "scientific".

Science, Culture and Politics in Darwin's Britain

Evolution and the Victorians

Paris and London have long held a mutual fascination, and never more so than in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when they both vied to be the world's greatest city. Each city has been the focus of many books, yet here Jonathan Conlin uncovers the intriguing relationship between them for the first time. It is a history of surprises: Sherlock Holmes was actually French, the can-can was English and the first restaurant served English food in Paris. Tales of Two Cities examines and compares six urban spaces - the street, the cemetery, the apartment, the restaurant, the music hall and the nocturnal underworld. The citizens of Paris and London were the first to create these landmarks of the modern cityscape. By borrowing, imitating and learning from each other they invented the modern metropolis and so defined urban living for us all.

Great Economic Thinkers presents an accessible introduction to the lives and works of thirteen of the most influential economists of modern times: Adam Smith, David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, Alfred Marshall, Joseph Schumpeter, John Maynard Keynes, and Nobel Prize winners Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman, John Forbes Nash, Jr., Daniel Kahneman, Amartya Sen, and Joseph Stiglitz. Free from confusing jargon and equations, the book describes key concepts put forward by these thinkers and shows how they have come to shape how we see ourselves and our society. Readers will consider the role played by the division of labor, wages and rents, cognitive biases, saving, entrepreneurship, game theory, liberalism, laissez-faire, and welfare economics. All of the economists featured have had a profound influence on our attitudes towards market intervention and regulation, taxation, trade, and monetary policy. Each of the chapters—all written by an acknowledged expert—combines a biographical outline of a single thinker with critical analysis of their contribution to economic thought. If you’ve ever wanted to find out more about the theorists who gave us the invisible hand, Marxism, Keynesianism, creative destruction, behavioral economics, and many other foundational concepts of economics, this collection of essays is the perfect place to start.

Jonathan Conlin

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