United States. National Weather Service

National Weather Service Officers and Stations

National Weather Service Offices and Stations

Instrumental Equipment Catalog

Water Supply Outlook for the Western United States

NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS TDL.

Operations of the National Weather Service

Communication Plan for Tsunami Warning System

Daily River Stages

NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS HYDRO.

Federal Aviation Administration

Robert A. Prentice

"Written by Robert A. Prentice with assistance from Douglas D. Streu, and edited by Cynthia Abelman and Tom Dulong"--Frwd.

Aviation Weather Services Handbook

"Fran was a category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale when it made landfall on the North Carolina coast near Cape Fear on September 5, 1996. Besides sustained winds of 115 miles per hour (mph), the storm surge and high water marks to nearly 13 feet in some coastal areas of North Carolina and Virginia exceeded those of Hurricane Hazel in 1954, although Hazel was a category 4 storm. Heavy rains created extensive inland flooding from the Carolinas into Virginia, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania. Additionally, strong inland winds created severe damage and power outages with hurricane-force wind gusts extending to near Raleigh, North Carolina. Hurricane Fran was directly responsible for 26 deaths. Widespread 5- to 10-inch amounts of rain were recorded over the Middle Atlantic region with 14 to nearly 16 inches in parts of Virginia and West Virginia. The rains brought many rivers in North Carolina, Virginia, and central Pennsylvania to, or above, flood stage. Particularly hard hit were Virginia and North Carolina, where record or near-record river levels occurred at many gage sites. Fran was the worst recorded natural economic disaster ever to occur in North Carolina. Nearly a half-million tourists and residents were evacuated from the coasts of North and South Carolina. Press reports from Reuters News Service stated that 4.5 million people in the Carolinas and Virginia were left without power"--from the Executive Summary.

Service Assessment

Hurricane Fran, August 28 - September 8, 1996

NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS FCST.

"Although hurricanes are common over the eastern Pacific and annually are seen in parts of the central Pacific, they are not routinely found over Hawaii. Only four of these have impacted the Aloha State since 1950. Hurricane Iniki, with winds up to 160 MPH, was by far the strongest and most destructive. This storm also completed a "clean sweep" of National Weather Service (NWS) offices responsible for issuing hurricane warnings. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) in Coral Gables, Florida (Hurricane Andrew), the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) in Guam (Typhoon Omar), and the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) in Honolulu, Hawaii (Hurricane Iniki) were all struck by strong hurricanes within a 2-month span. Relying on one geostationary satellite providing satisfactory, but less than ideal, coverage and an extremely sparse surface data network, NWS forecasters and meteorological technicians across the state provided excellent warning service to residents and visitors alike"--Preface.

Hurricane Iniki, September 6-13, 1992

July 1995 Heat Wave

Numerical Weather Prediction Activities Report

United States. National Weather Service

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