Arthur C. Graesser

Danielle S. McNamara

Philip M. McCarthy

Zhiqiang Cai

This book describes Coh-Metrix, a powerful computational tool that provides a wide range of language and discourse measures.

Automated Evaluation of Text and Discourse with Coh-Metrix

Richard E. Mayer

Mark A. McDaniel

Diane F. Halpern

Pooja K. Agarwal

Gregory C. R. Yates

Janet Metcalfe

Henry L. Roediger (III.)

Regan A. R. Gurung

Marsha Lovett

Michael J. Lee

Edward J. O'Brien

Slava Kalyuga

Robert A. Bjork

Michelene T. H. Chi

Sarah A. Ambrose

Society for the Teaching of Psychology

Division 2, American Psychological Association

Courtney M. Clark

Chee Ha Lee

John A. C. Hattie

Sharon Bertsch

Bryan Pesta

Mary A. Pyc

Jennifer L. Chiu

Khuyen Nguyen

Alexander Renkl

Shana K. Carpenter

Joyce Ehrlinger

E. Ashley Shain

John Girash

Keith Millis

Elizabeth M. Tappin

Barbara Prudhomme White

Jennifer J. Stiegler-Balfour

Debra Swoboda

Stephen L. Chew

Nate Kornell

Annette K. Taylor

Patricia Kowalski

Natalie K. Lawrence

Samuel Pazicni

Daniel T. Pyburn

Heather Tatsak

Andrea Taatjes

"This edited book represents a sliver, albeit a substantial one, of the scholarship on the science of learning and its application in educational settings. Most of the work described in this book is based on theory and research in cognitive psychology. Although much, but not all, of what is presented is focused on learning in college and university settings, teachers of all academic levels may find the recommendations made by chapter authors of service. Authors wrote their chapters with nonexperts as the target audience - teachers who may have little or no background in science of learning, research-based approaches to teaching and learning, or even general principles of psychological science. The book is organized in three sections. The 14 chapters in Part 1 address important concepts, principles, theories, and research findings, and applications related to the science of learning. The four chapters in Part 2 focus on preparing faculty to apply science of learning principles in their courses. Finally, the six chapters in Part 3 provide examples of research that have been done in real academic settings and that have applied one or more science of learning principles." -- Book homepage

Infusing Psychological Science Into the Curriculum

Applying Science of Learning in Education

Arthur M. Glenberg

Manuel de Vega

Cognitive scientists have a variety of approaches to studying cognition: experimental psychology, computer science, robotics, neuroscience, educational psychology, philosophy of mind, and psycholinguistics, to name but a few. In addition, they also differ in their approaches to cognition - some of them consider that the mind works basically like a computer, involving programs composed of abstract, amodal, and arbitrary symbols. Others claim that cognition is embodied - that is, symbols must be grounded on perceptual, motoric, and emotional experience. The existence of such different approaches has consequences when dealing with practical issues such as understanding brain disorders, designing artificial intelligence programs and robots, improving psychotherapy, or designing instructional programs. The symbolist and embodiment camps seldom engage in any kind of debate to clarify their differences. This book is the first attempt to do so. It brings together a team of outstanding scientists, adopting symbolist and embodied viewpoints, in an attempt to understand how the mind works and the nature of linguistic meaning. As well as being interdisciplinary, all authors have made an attempt to find solutions to substantial issues beyond specific vocabularies and techniques.

Debates on Meaning and Cognition

Symbols and Embodiment

Xiangen Hu

Benjamin Goldberg

Andrew J. Hampton

Anne Sinatra

Joan H. Johnston

This book focuses on the topic of competency-based scenario design as it relates to Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs). The current book is the ninth in a series of books that examine key topics in ITSs. The chapters in this book specifically relate the work presented to applications for the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT) (Sottilare, Brawner, Goldberg, & Holden, 2012; Sottilare, Brawner, Sinatra, & Johnston, 2017). GIFT is an open-source, domain independent, service-oriented, modular architecture for ITSs. GIFT has specifically been designed to allow for reusability of the GIFT architecture, GIFT tools, and instructional content materials. Further, GIFT has been designed with the goals of reducing the amount of time necessary to author ITSs, and reducing the skill level required for the authoring process. GIFT can be used to create ITSs that can be distributed both locally on a computer and virtually in the Cloud. In addition to creating ITSs, GIFT can be used to examine instructional outcomes, and conduct research. The topic of this book, Competency-Based Scenario Design is highly relevant to the development of ITSs. Scenarios are information-rich task/problem contexts that are closely aligned with real-world situations that professionals face in their jobs. The tasks/problems exhibit ecological validity rather than stripped-down abstract simplifications. Developers of ITSs and other adaptive instructional systems need to have principled guidance on how to design these scenarios. An example scenario may be a close match to a particular situation in the past, but not be representative of a large range of situations that professionals experience in their job. An example scenario may be very realistic, but not provide reliable and valid assessments of the learners' performance to guide assessments (summative, formative, or stealth). Research teams that build high quality scenarios need to include expertise in the targeted profession, assessment, learning science, and computer science. The current book brings together experts on ITSs to discuss their work as it applies to Competency-Based Scenario Design. We believe that this book can be used as a resource for those who have an interest in developing Scenarios for ITSs, and who want to learn more about how to do so.

Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Volume 9 - Competency-Based Scenario Design

Bruce K. Britton

What is text understanding? It is the dynamic process of constructing coherent representations and inferences at multiple levels of text and context, within the bottleneck of a limited-capacity working memory. The field of text and discourse has advanced to the point where researchers have developed sophisticated models of comprehension, and identified the particular assumptions that underlie comprehension mechanisms in precise analytical or mathematical detail. The models offer a priori predictions about thought and behavior, not merely ad hoc descriptions of data. Indeed, the field has evolved to a mature science. The contributors to this volume collectively cover the major models of comprehension in the field of text and discourse. Other books are either narrow -- covering only a single theoretical framework -- or do not focus on systematic modeling efforts. In addition, this book focuses on deep levels of understanding rather than language codes, syntax, and other shallower levels of text analysis. As such, it provides readers with up-to-date information on current psychological models specified in quantitative or analytical detail.

Models of Understanding Text

Morton Ann Gernsbacher

Susan R. Goldman

This Handbook is a comprehensive overview of the multidisciplinary field of discourse processes. The editors hope to foster a more interdisciplinary approach to discourse processing with this Handbook, while simultaneously developing an appreciation within the field for multiple methods of establishing rigorous scientific claims. The field of discourse processes is currently fueled by seven dominant approaches: * discourse psychology; * corpus analysis; * computational discourse; * discourse technologies; * conversation analysis; * hybrid qualitative and quantitative approaches; and * cultural foundations. The contributors also discuss future trends in research, including corpus analyses, the integration of neuroscience with discourse research, and the development of more advanced computer technologies for analyzing discourse.

Handbook of Discourse Processes

Thomas W. Lauer

Eileen Peacock

The design and functioning of an information system improve to the extent that the system can handle the questions people ask. Surprisingly, however, researchers in the cognitive, computer, and information sciences have not thoroughly examined the multitude of relationships between information systems and questions -- both question asking and answering. The purpose of this book is to explicitly examine these relationships. Chapter contributors believe that questions play a central role in the analysis, design, and use of different kinds of natural or artificial information systems such as human cognition, social interaction, communication networks, and intelligent tutoring systems. Their efforts show that data structures and representations need to be organized around the questioning mechanisms in order to achieve a quick retrieval of relevant useful information.

Questions and Information Systems

Paul van den Broek

This volume provides an excellent overview of the field of discourse processes, capturing both its breadth and its depth. World-renowned researchers present the latest theoretical developments and thought-provoking empirical data. In doing so, they cover a broad range of communicative activities, including text comprehension, conversational communication, argumentation, television or media viewing, and more. A central theme across all chapters concerns the notion that coherence determines the interpretation of the communication. The various chapters illustrate the many forms that coherence can take, and explore its role in different communicative settings.

Essays in Honor of Tom Trabasso

Narrative Comprehension, Causality, and Coherence

John Dunlosky

Douglas J. Hacker

Providing comprehensive coverage of the theoretical bases of metacognition and its applications to educational practice, this compendium of focused and in-depth discussions from leading scholars in the field: represents an intersection of education, cognitive science, and technology; serves as a gateway to the literature for researchers and practitioners interested in one or more of the wide array of topics included; and sets the standard for scholarship for theoretical research and practical applications in this field. The Handbook of Metacognition in Education — covering Comprehension Strategies, Metacognitive Strategies, Metacomprehension, Writing, Science and Mathematics, Individual Differences, Self-Regulated Learning, Technology, Tutoring, and Measurement — is an essential resource for researchers, faculty, students, curriculum developers, teachers, and others interested in using research and theory on metacognition to guide and inform educational practice.

Handbook of Metacognition in Education

This book on data visualization is the eighth in a planned series of books that examine key topics (e.g., learner modeling, instructional strategies, authoring, domain modeling, assessment, team tutoring, self-improving systems, data visualization, and competency based scenario design) in intelligent tutoring system (ITS) design. This book focuses on data visualization and how it is applied in ITSs. The chapters within this book specifically examine topics in relationship to the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT) (Sottilare, Brawner, Goldberg & Holden, 2012; Sottilare, Brawner, Sinatra, & Johnston, 2017). GIFT is an open-source, domain-independent, modular, service-oriented architecture for ITSs. The design of GIFT allows for reusability, reduction in authoring time, and reducing the skill level needed to create an ITS. GIFT provides functionality to create ITSs, distribute ITSs to learners through the Cloud, conduct research to evaluate ITSs, and to examine instructional outcomes. Data visualization is an important topic for ITSs, as there are many different users of the systems (including learners, instructors, researchers, subject matter experts). The data that is collected by the ITS can be organized and displayed in a number of different ways. The current book includes a general discussion of how data visualizations can be applied in ITSs, as well as detailed specific examples of existing implementations, and technical details related to incorporating data visualization in ITSs. We believe this book can be used as a design tool for data visualization interfaces in ITSs.

Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Volume 8 - Data Visualization

Arthur C. Graesser

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