Boaventura De Sousa Santos

Bruno Sena Martins

The impasse currently affecting human rights as a language used to express struggles for dignity is, to a large extent, a reflection of the epistemological and political exhaustion which blights the global North. Since the global hegemony of human rights as a language for human dignity is nowadays incontrovertible, the question of whether it can be used in a counter-hegemonic sense remains open. Inspired by struggles from all corners of the world that reveal the potential but, above all, the limitations of human rights, this book offers a highly conditional response. The prevailing notion of human rights today, as the hegemonic language of human dignity, can only be resignified on the basis of answers to simple questions: why does so much unjust human suffering exist that is not considered a violation of human rights? Do other languages of human dignity exist in the world? Are these other languages compatible with the language of human rights? Obviously, we can only find satisfactory answers to these questions if we are able to envisage a radical transformation of what is nowadays known as human rights. Herein lies the challenge posed by the Epistemologies of the South: reconciling human rights with the different languages and forms of knowledge born out of struggles for human dignity.

The Diversity of Struggles for Dignity

The Pluriverse of Human Rights: The Diversity of Struggles for Dignity

The majorconflicts between the Global North and the South can be expected toresult from the confrontation of alternative conceptions of democracy,mainly between liberal or representative democracy and participatorydemocracy. The hegemonic model of democracy, while prevailing on aglobal scale, guarantees no more than low-intensity democracy. Inrecent times, participatory democracy has exhibited a new dynamic,engaging mainly subaltern communities and social groups that fightagainst social exclusion and the suppression of citizenship. In thiscollection of reports from the Global South—India, South Africa,Mozambique, Colombia, and Brazil—De Sousa Santos and his colleaguesshow how, in some cases, the deepening of democracy results from thedevelopment of dual forms of participatory and representativedemocracy, and points to the emergence of transnational networks ofparticipatory democracy initiatives. Such networks pave one of the waysto the reinvention of social emancipation. This is volume 1 of the Reinventing Social Emancipation project, edited by Boaventura de Sousa Santos.

Beyond the Liberal Democratic Canon

Democratizing Democracy

La pretensión de Boaventura de Sousa Santos en "Justicia entre Saberes", es superar la tradición crítica eurocéntrica. En sus rigurosas líneas argumentales subyacen tres ideas básicas: 1) La comprensión del mundo excede con mucho la comprensión occidental. 2) No hay justicia social global sin justicia cognitiva global. 3) Las transformaciones emancipadoras en el mundo pueden seguir gramáticas y guiones distintos a los desarrollados por la teoría crítica occidental. " Una obra de éxito, desconcertante y juiciosa. Santos nos pide que no pensemos en todos nuestros prejuicios más arraigados. Quiere que veamos el mundo desde abajo, para ver lo "universal" del Sur y no desde el Norte. Esboza un futuro realmente diferente y posible de construir" (Immanuel Wallerstein, Yale University).

Boaventura De Sousa Santos

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