Bretislav Friedrich

Horst Schmidt-Böcking

An homage to Otto Stern (Dudley Herschbach).- My uncle Otto Stern (Alan Templeton).- Otto Stern's trajectory (Tilman Sauer).- From theory to experiment (and back to theory)? On Otto Stern, Max Born and other physicists in the 1920s (Arne Schirrmacher).- Otto Sackur, Otto Stern, and the Beginning of the Quantum Theory of Gases (Massimiliano Badino).- From Stern's beam experiments to modern biomolecular NMR spectroscopy (Christian Griesinger).- Quantum or classical perception: The Imaging Theorem and the Ensemble Picture (John Briggs).- Reduction of the atomic wave function in the Stern--Gerlach magnetic field (Michael Devereux).- Precision experiments for the revised SI -- and the future of time (Joachim Ullrich).- Precision Physics in Penning Traps Using the Continuous Stern--Gerlach--Effect (Klaus Blaum).- Frankfurt Physicists (Michael Eckert).- Our Patrimony from Otto Stern and My Memories of Otto Frisch (Dan Kleppner).- Ultracold Chemical reactions with molecules in slow motion (Kang-Kuen Ni).- Choreographing Quantum Spin Dynamics with Light (Monika Schleier-Smith).- Stern's relation to Gerlach (Horst Schmidt--Böcking).- Manipulation and control of molecular beams (Gerard Meijer).- Quantum effects in cold and controlled molecular dynamics (Christiane Koch).- Otto Stern and Wave--Particle Duality (Peter Toennies).- Macromolecular Matter Wave Interferometry and Talbot--Lau Deflectometry (Markus Arndt).- Rotating rotationless: nonadiabatic alignment of the helium dimer and trimer (Maksim Kunitski).- Grating Diffraction of Molecular Beams: Present Day Implementations of Otto Stern's Concept (Wieland Schöllkopf).- Interaction effects in ultra cold atom systems (Dörte Blume).- Laser cooling and magneto--optical trapping of molecules (Mike Tarbutt).- Microdroplet Chemistry (Dick Zare).- TBA (Manfred Faubel).- From Liquid Rays to Gas Rays: The Non--Maxwellian Evaporation of Helium from Water Microjets (Gil Nathanson).- Laser--induced rotation and alignment of molecules in helium nanodroplets (Henrik Stapelfeldt).- Far-from-equilibrium dynamics of molecules in helium nanodroplets (Mikhail Lemeshko).

From Otto Stern's Pioneering Exploits to Present-Day Feats

Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry

Roman Krems

William C Stwalley

The First Book on Ultracold Molecules Cold molecules offer intriguing properties on which new operational principles can be based (e.g., quantum computing) or that may allow researchers to study a qualitatively new behavior of matter (e.g., Bose-Einstein condensates structured by the electric dipole interaction). This interdisciplinary book discusses novel methods to create and confine molecules at temperatures near absolute zero (1 microKelvin to 1 Kelvin) and surveys the research done with and on cold molecules to date. It is evident that this research has irreversibly changed atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information science. Its impact on condensed-matter physics, astrophysics, and physical chemistry is becoming apparent as well. This monograph provides seasoned researchers as well as students entering the field with a valuable companion, one which, in addition, will help to foster their identity within their institutions and the physics and chemistry communities at large. Features a foreword by Nobel Laureate Dudley Herschbach

Theory, Experiment, Applications

Cold Molecules

Dumitru Baleanu

Thomas Beyer

Rudolf von Steiger

Lorenzo Pavesi

Ewald Moser

Dieter W. Heermann

Christian F. Klingenberg

James Sauls

José W. F. Valle

Jan de Boer

Emilio Elizalde

Alex Hansen

Nicholas X. Fang

Christine Charles

Matjaž Perc

Jasper Van Der Gucht

Claudio Bogazzi

Launched in 2013, Frontiers in Physics consists of 18 specialties covering all areas of research in physics. With over 500 published manuscripts, the journal is now indexed in SCIE with the first impact factor coming in 2019. Frontiers in Physics aims to become the largest and most cited open access multidisciplinary physics journal. This eBook collects what the Specialty Chief Editors of the journal believed were the most interesting manuscripts published over the past two years. It is a nice collection, which will offer the reader the chance to have a quick overview of the specialties of the journal and offer a glimpse into the state of the art of physics. We must confess that it has been quite challenging to select only one article per specialty section given the many important manuscripts published by the journal in 2017 and 2018. We invite our reader to have a look at the journal homepage and browse what we have published so far. It includes articles on topics very different from each other, written by both early career scientists and well-known researchers, ranging from the indisputable advance of the field to the more bold. We hope you enjoy reading our first edition of the Frontiers in Physics Editor's Choice eBook! Professor Alex Hansen (Field Chief Editor) and Dr Claudio Bogazzi (Journal Manager)

Frontiers in Physics - 2017 & 2018 Editor's Choice

This Open Access book gives a comprehensive account of both the history and current achievements of molecular beam research. In 1919, Otto Stern launched the revolutionary molecular beam technique. This technique made it possible to send atoms and molecules with well-defined momentum through vacuum and to measure with high accuracy the deflections they underwent when acted upon by transversal forces. These measurements revealed unforeseen quantum properties of nuclei, atoms, and molecules that became the basis for our current understanding of quantum matter. This volume shows that many key areas of modern physics and chemistry owe their beginnings to the seminal molecular beam work of Otto Stern and his school. Written by internationally recognized experts, the contributions in this volume will help experienced researchers and incoming graduate students alike to keep abreast of current developments in molecular beam research as well as to appreciate the history and evolution of this powerful method and the knowledge it reveals.

Dieter Hoffmann

Jeremiah James

Thomas Steinhauser

This volume, occasioned by the centenary of the Fritz Haber Institute, formerly the Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, covers the Institute's scientific and institutional history from its founding in 1911 as one the earliest institutes of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, through its renaming for its founding director in 1952 and incorporation in the Max Planck Society, until the present. The Institute's pace-setting research in physical chemistry and chemical physics has been shaped by dozens of distinguished scientists, among them seven Nobel Laureates.

The Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society 1911-2011

One Hundred Years at the Intersection of Chemistry and Physics

Martin Wolf

Jürgen Renn

Florian Schmaltz

This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. On April 22, 1915, the German military released 150 tons of chlorine gas at Ypres, Belgium. Carried by a long-awaited wind, the chlorine cloud passed within a few minutes through the British and French trenches, leaving behind at least 1,000 dead and 4,000 injured. This chemical attack, which amounted to the first use of a weapon of mass destruction, marks a turning point in world history. The preparation as well as the execution of the gas attack was orchestrated by Fritz Haber, the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry in Berlin-Dahlem. During World War I, Haber transformed his research institute into a center for the development of chemical weapons (and of the means of protection against them). Bretislav Friedrich and Martin Wolf (Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, the successor institution of Haber’s institute) together with Dieter Hoffmann, Jürgen Renn, and Florian Schmaltz (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) organized an international symposium to commemorate the centenary of the infamous chemical attack. The symposium examined crucial facets of chemical warfare from the first research on and deployment of chemical weapons in WWI to the development and use of chemical warfare during the century hence. The focus was on scientific, ethical, legal, and political issues of chemical weapons research and deployment — including the issue of dual use — as well as the ongoing effort to control the possession of chemical weapons and to ultimately achieve their elimination. The volume consists of papers presented at the symposium and supplemented by additional articles that together cover key aspects of chemical warfare from 22 April 1915 until the summer of 2015.

One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences

Bretislav Friedrich

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