David P. Farrington

Georgia Zara

Criminal Recidivism intends to fill a gap in the criminological psychology literature by examining the processes underlying persistent criminal careers. This book aims to investigate criminal recidivism, and why, how and for how long an individual continues to commit crimes, whilst also reviewing knowledge about risk assessment and the role of psychopathy (including neurocriminological factors) in encouraging recidivism. It also focuses on the recidivism of sex offenders and on what works in reducing reoffending. At an empirical level, this book attempts to explain criminal persistence and recidivism using longitudinal data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD). At a psycho-criminological level it joins together quantitative and qualitative analyses, making its content a practical guide to explain, predict, and intervene to reduce the risk of criminal recidivism. The authors present quantitative analyses of criminal careers, as well as qualitative life histories of chronic offenders, in order to bring home the reality and consequences of a life of crime. The book is aimed not only at advanced students and academics in psychology, criminology, probation studies, social sciences, psychiatry, sociology, political science, and penology, but also at decision makers, policy officials, and practitioners within the realm of crime intervention and prevention, and also at forensic experts, judges and lawyers.

Explanation, prediction and prevention

Criminal Recidivism

Darrick Jolliffe

This book advances knowledge about the measurement of empathy, using the Basic Empathy Scale (BES), and how empathy is related to offending, aggression, and bullying in community and incarcerated groups. Empathy is widely accepted as one of the most important individual factors that is related to offending, aggression, and bullying, and it is common in many intervention projects to aim to improve empathy in order to reduce offending, aggression, and bullying. The BES was constructed by Jolliffe and Farrington (2006) and has been widely used in a number of countries. This book presents a collection of papers exploring the application of BES in 10 different countries (England, Portugal, Spain, Poland, Italy, the Netherlands, Croatia, Australia, Canada, and the USA). Each chapter reviews the use of the BES in that particular jurisdiction, its psychometric properties, and its importance in relation to offending, aggression, and bullying. The research includes samples from primary schools, secondary schools, and the community, as well as those who are justice-involved and on probation, in prisons and secure psychiatric hospitals. In bringing together this broad range of contributions, the book concludes with wider implications for intervention, policy, and practice. This book will be valuable for students, academics, and practitioners who are interested in developing their understanding of the complex link between empathy and a range of antisocial behaviours.

Advancing Knowledge using the Basic Empathy Scale

Empathy versus Offending, Aggression and Bullying

This work offers a fundamental analysis of the psychological factors that underlie crime and criminal behaviour. Among the topics addressed are antisocial personality; the Eysenck personality theory; low intelligence, low attainment and neuropsychological deficit; and unpopularity.

Psychological Explanations of Crime

Brandon Welsh

A Systematic Review

Effects of Improved Street Lighting on Crime

Brandon C. Welsh

Crime prevention is necessary in any society. Without it, crime would continue to skyrocket and the society as a whole would suffer. This special volume of The Annals, What Works in Preventing Crime? Systematic Reviews of Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research, originated with the 2001 Jerry Lee Crime Prevention Symposium. This 2-day conference focused on systematic reviews of criminological interventions. From there, many articles were put together discussing the methods of conducting systematic reviews, research findings from prevention and intervention studies, and what this means for the future of crime prevention. This special volume of The Annals also focuses on the Campbell Collaboration and its Crime and Justice Group. It is set up to prepare, maintain, and disseminate evidence-based research in crime and make it available electronically to the general public. This is an important organization, and its findings make it easier for the general public as well as policy makers to see where things need to be changed in order to continue preventing crime that would have happened without the prevention programs in place.

What Works in Preventing Crime

Donald James West

Third Report of the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development

The Delinquent Way of Life

Friedrich Lösel

A. E. Bottoms

This book brings together leading authorities in the field to analyse theoretical, empirical and policy issues relating to this neglected group of people, exploring different approaches to both crime prevention and offender treatment.

Lost in Transition?

Young Adult Offenders

Rolf Loeber

What makes a juvenile delinquent develop into an adult criminal? Edited by two leading authorities in the fields of psychology and criminology, this title examines why the period of transition to adulthood is important and how it can be better understood and addressed both inside and outside of the justice system.

Criminal Careers, Justice Policy and Prevention

From Juvenile Delinquency to Adult Crime

What makes a juvenile delinquent develop into an adult criminal? Edited by two leading authorities in the fields of psychology and criminology, Transitions from Juvenile Delinquency to Adult Crime examines why the period of transition to adulthood is important and how it can be better understood and addressed both inside and outside of the justice system. With serious scholarly analysis and practical policy proposals, this book addresses what can be done to ensure that today's juvenile delinquents do not become tomorrow's adult criminals.

How can a society prevent-not deter, not punish-but prevent crime? Criminal justice prevention, commonly called crime control, aims to prevent crime after an initial offence has been commited through anything from an arrest to a death penalty sentence. These traditional means have been frequently examined and their efficacy just as frequently questioned. Promising new forms of crime prevention have emerged and expanded as important components of an overall strategy to reduce crime. Crime prevention today has developed along three lines: interventions to improve the life chances of children and prevent them from embarking on a life of crime; programs and policies designed to ameliorate the social conditions and institutions that influence offending; and the modification or manipulation of the physical environment, products, or systems to reduce everyday opportunities for crime. Each strategy aims at preventing crime or criminal offending in the first instance - before the act has been committed. Each, importantly, takes place outside of the formal criminal justice system, representing an alternative, perhaps even socially progressive way to reduce crime. The Oxford Handbook of Crime Prevention is a comprehensive, up-to-date, and authoritative review of research on crime prevention. Bringing together top scholars in criminology, public policy, psychology, and sociology, this Handbook includes critical reviews of the main theories that form the basis of crime prevention, evidence-based assessments of the effectiveness of the most important interventions, and cross-cutting essays that examine implementation, evaluation methodology, and public policy. Covering the three major crime prevention strategies active today-developmental, community, and situational-this definitive volume addresses seriously and critically the ways in which the United States and the Western world have attempted, and should continue to strive for the of crime.

The Oxford Handbook of Crime Prevention

Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development

Andreas Kapardis

This book brings together an international group of experts to present cutting-edge psychological research on crime, policing and courts. With contributors from the UK, Germany, Italy, Norway, Cyprus, Israel, Canada and the USA, this volume explores some of the most interesting and contemporary areas of criminological and legal psychology. The Psychology of Crime, Policing and Courts is divided into three parts. Part I explores crime and anti-social behaviour, including the concentration of offending within families, juvenile delinquency, adolescent bullying, cyberbullying, violence risk assessment, and psychopathy. Part II examines policing and the detection of deception, with chapters on interrogational practices, police interviews of children, and modern detection methods. Part III focuses on courts and sentencing, with chapters exploring wrongful convictions, the role of juries, extra-legal factors in sentencing decisions and an examination of sentencing itself. Representing the forefront of research in developmental criminology and criminological and legal psychology, this book is a comprehensive resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying psychology and criminology, with particular value for those studying forensic psychology. This book is also a valuable resource for psychologists, lawyers, social scientists and law enforcement personnel.

The Psychology of Crime, Policing and Courts

Roger Tarling

Prediction in Criminology is the first book to bring together a wide variety of articles on prediction research in criminology. It stresses not only substantive findings but also the methodology of prediction research, and demonstrates how similar issues arise in many applications: problems of research design, the choice of predictor and criterion variables, methods of selecting and combining variables into a prediction instrument, measures of predictive efficiency, and external validity or generalizability. The collection includes research from the United States, Canada, and Great Britain and will be of interest to an international audience of policy makers, practitioners, academics, and researchers.

Prediction in Criminology

Alfred Blumstein

Alex R. Piquero

New Analyses of the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development

Key Issues in Criminal Career Research

Lee Ellis

Anthony W. Hoskin

The Handbook of Crime Correlates, Second Edition summarizes more than a century of worldwide research on traits and social conditions associated with criminality and antisocial behavior. Findings are provided in tabular form, enabling readers to determine at a glance the nature of each association. Within each table, results are listed by country, type of crime (or other forms of antisocial behavior), and whether each variable is positively, negatively, or insignificantly associated with offending behavior. Criminal behavior is broken down according to major categories, including violent crime, property crime, drug offenses, sex offenses, delinquency, and recidivism. This book provides a resource for practitioners and academics who are interested in criminal and antisocial behavior. It is relevant to the fields of criminology/criminal justice, sociology, and psychology. No other publication provides as much information about how a wide range of variables—e.g., gender, religion, personality traits, weapons access, alcohol and drug use, social status, geography, and seasonality—correlate with offending behavior. Includes 600+ tables regarding variables related to criminal behavior Consolidates 100+ years of academic research on criminal behavior Findings are identified by country and world regions for easy comparison Lists criminal-related behaviors according to major categories Identifies universal crime correlates

Handbook of Crime Correlates

Izabela Zych

Vicente J. Llorent

Maria M. Ttofi

This compact resource synthesizes current research on bullying in the schools while presenting strengths-based approaches to curbing this growing epidemic. Its international review of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies unravels the complex dynamics of bullying and provides depth on the range of negative outcomes for bullies, victims, enablers, and victims who bully. Chapters on protective factors against bullying identify personal competencies, such as empathy development, and keys to a positive school environment, featuring findings on successful school-based prevention programs in different countries. Throughout, the authors clearly define bullying as a public health/mental health issue, and prevention as a deterrent for future antisocial and criminal behavior. Included in the coverage: · School bullying in different countries: prevalence, risk factors, and short-term outcomes. · Personal protective factors against bullying: emotional, social, and moral competencies. · Contextual protective factors against bullying: school-wide climate. · Protecting children through anti-bullying interventions. · Protecting bullies and victims from long-term undesirable outcomes. · Future directions for research, practice, and policy. With its wealth of answers to a global concern, Protecting Children against Bullying and Its Consequences is a definitive reference and idea book for the international community of scholars in criminology and developmental psychology interested in bullying and youth violence, as well as practitioners and policymakers.

Protecting Children Against Bullying and Its Consequences

Between 1980 and 1996 the number of arrests has increased considerably for offenders ages 12 and under. This increase is a cost to society in two ways: the cost of the crime and the cost of multiple agencies involved with these children. Several questions have developed due to this increase: How does the juvenile justice system deal with child delinquents? Is child delinquency a predictor of serious, violent, and chronic offending? How early can we predict, and what are early warning signs? In an effort to develop answers for these questions and many more, editors Rolf Loeber and David Farrington organized a study group on Very Young offenders comprising 39 experts on juvenile delinquency and child problem behavior. Over a two-year period of intense and collaborative work these individuals have produced the book Child Delinquents: Development, Intervention, and Service Needs. Presenting empirically derived insights, Child Delinquents is the definitive statement to date on the working knowledge of prevalence, development, risk and protective factors, and optimal intervention with preteen offenders. This book is an excellent source for a broad audience of researchers, scholars, psychiatry, and practitioners at the administrative level.

Development, Intervention, and Service Needs

Child Delinquents

Lawrence W. Sherman

Doris Layton MacKenzie

Crime prevention policy and practice is, on the whole, far from objective. Instead of being based on scientific evidence, the crime policy agenda is seemingly driven by political ideology, anecdotal evidence and programme trends. Evidence-Based Crime Prevention seeks to change this by comprehensively and rigorously assessing the existing scientific knowledge on the effectiveness of crime prevention programmes internationally. Reviewing more than 600 scientific evaluations of programmes intended to prevent crime in settings such as families, schools, labour markets and communities, this book grades programmes on their scientific validity using the 'scientific methods scale'. This collection, which brings together contributions from leading researchers in the field of crime prevention, will provide policy-makers, researchers and community leaders with an understandable source of information about what works, what does not work and what is promising in preventing crime.

Evidence-Based Crime Prevention

Gareth Hughes

Graham Towl

David Crighton

Covers key aspects of the rapidly growing field of forensic psychology with approximately 100 entries on key terms and concepts contributed by leading academic and practicing forensic psychologists.

David P. Farrington

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