Friedrich Stadler

This book offers a critical update of current Wittgenstein research on the Tractatus logico-philosophicus (TLP) and its relation to the Vienna Circle. The contributions are written by renowned Wittgenstein scholars, on the occasion of the "Wittgenstein Years" 1921/1922 with a special focus on its origin, reception, and interpretation then and now. The main topic is the mutual relation between Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle (esp. Schlick, Waismann, Carnap, Gödel), but also Russell and Ramsey. In addition, included in this volume are new studies on Wittgenstein's life and work, on the philosophy of the TLP, and on the Wittgenstein family in philosophical and historical context. Furthermore, unpublished documents on Wittgenstein and Waismann from the archives are provided in form of edited and commented primary sources. As per the book series' usual format, a general part of this Yearbook covers a study on Neurath's economy as well as reviews of related publications.

100 Years After the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle

The articles in this volume deal with the main inferential methods that can be applied to different kinds of experimental evidence. These contributions - accompanied with critical comments - by renowned scholars in the field of philosophy of science aim at removing the traditional opposition between inductivists and deductivists. They explore the different methods of explanation and justification in the sciences in different contexts and with different objectives. The volume contains contributions on methods of the sciences, especially on induction, deduction, abduction, laws, probability and explanation, ranging from logic, mathematics, natural to the social sciences. They present a highly topical pluralist re-evaluation of methodological and foundational procedures and reasoning, e.g. focusing in Bayesianism and Artificial Intelligence. They document the second international conference in Vienna on "Induction and Deduction in the Sciences" as part of the Scientific Network on "Historical and Contemporary Perspectives of Philosophy of Science in Europe", funded by the European Science Foundation (ESF).

Induction and Deduction in the Sciences

Emigration und Exil oesterreichischer Wissenschaft, 1930-1940

Vertiebene Vernunft - Vol. 2

Christoph Limbeck-Lilienau

In this volume the philosophy of perception and observation is discussed by leading philosophers with implications in the philosophy of mind, in epistemology, and in philosophy of science. In the last years the philosophy of perception underwent substantial changes and new views appeared: the intentionality of perception has been contested by relational theories of perception (direct realism), a richer view of perceptual content has emerged, new theories of intentionality have been defended against naturalistic theories of representation (e. g. phenomenal intentionality). These theoretical changes reflect also new insights coming from psychological theories of perception. These changes have substantial consequences for the epistemic role of perception and for its role in scientific observation. In the present volume, leading philosophers of perception discuss these new views and show their implications in the philosophy of mind, in epistemology and in philosophy of science. A special focus is laid on Franz Brentano and Ludwig Wittgenstein. A reference volume for all scholars and students of the history, psychology and philosophy of perception, and cognitive science.

Proceedings of the 40th International Ludwig Wittgenstein Symposium

The Philosophy of Perception

Oliver Rathkolb

English summary: The year 1968 remains a central topic of public debate and of contemporary history with special focus on myth building and myth deconstruction. Both the 1968er generation and their opposing groups tried to influence and dominate politics. 1968 is a symbol of a decade between revolution and rebellion, shaped by resistance against open and structural violence of the social and political establishment - a concrete utopia of an other society. In this anthology, the year 1968, still highly disputed among contemporary historians and political scientists, is analyzed from an interdisciplinary and international perspective with intense descriptions and comparative approach: singular events are discussed within a context, the loaded symbols are interpreted, ambivalent codes are decoded and relevant historiography is expounded - influenced by legitimization efforts and fundamental critique. German text. German description: Das Jahr 1968 bleibt Gegenstand offentlicher Debatten und der zeitgeschichtlichen Historiografie zwischen Mythos-Pflege und kritischer Rekonstruktion. Diese Historiografie hat den Anspruch, die 68er-Generation und legitimatorische Strategien pro und contra 1968er-Bewegung aus gegenwartiger Sicht zu deuten. 1968 steht international als Symbol fur eine Dekade zwischen Revolution und Rebellion, den Widerstand gegen die offene und strukturelle Gewalt des gesellschaftlichen und politischen Establishments - als konkrete Utopie von einer anderen Gesellschaft. Das bis heute in der Zeitgeschichte kontrovers dargestellte Jahr 1968 wird in diesem Band aus interdisziplinarer und internationaler Perspektive in Form von dichten Beschreibungen und Analysen vergleichend behandelt: Die singularen Ereignisse werden kontextuell beschrieben, die aufgeladenen Symbole interpretiert und die mehrdeutigen Chiffren dekodiert. Nicht zuletzt wird dessen Historiografie zwischen Legitimation und Fundamentalkritik problematisiert.

Das Jahr 1968 - Ereignis, Symbol, Chiffre

Gerd B. Müller

Thomas Olechowski

Karl Anton Fröschl

Brigitta Schmidt-Lauber

English summary: The 650th anniversary of the founding of the University of Vienna provides an opportunity to sharpen our views on evolving university structures and to analyze the dynamics of knowledge transformation. This volume examines the recent history of the scientific disciplines and institutional structures at the University of Vienna. The focus is on the historical conditions and effects of scientific practices as perceived from within individual disciplines. German description: Die 650ste Wiederkehr des Grundungstages der Universitat wird zum Anlass genommen, uber den historischen Blick auf Wissenschaft und ihre Einrichtungen die Prozessualitat universitarer Strukturen und die Dynamiken des Wissenserwerbs kritisch zu untersuchen. Der vorliegende Band behandelt die Disziplin- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte unterschiedlicher Facher und Einrichtungen an der Universitat Wien und macht sich zur Aufgabe, die historischen Bedingtheiten und Wirkungen wissenschaftlichen Handelns aus der Sicht individueller Fachgebiete darzustellen.

Aufbruch ins neue Jahrhundert

650 Jahre Universität Wien

Kultur umfaßt neben den schönen Künsten auch Denken, Forschen und Lehren – Kernelemente einer jeden Wissenschaft. Wenn Österreich gerne in Verbindung mit Kunst, oft nur auf Musik, Belletristik und bildende Künste reduziert, dargestellt wird, soll – vollständigkeitshalber – auch auf seine bedeutenden wissenschaftlichen Leistungen als wesentlichen Bestandteil der kulturellen Identität hingewiesen werden. Tatsächlich gibt es eine Fülle geistiger Innovationen in und aus Österreich, die heutzutage selbstverständlich als internationales Kulturgut angesehen werden, wobei jedoch nur wenigen die Ursprünge bewußt sind. Dies hat wohl auch damit zu tun, daß die Emigration und das Exil der österreichischen WissenschaftlerInnen erfolgreich verdrängt, und erst spät das Ausmaß dieser Zäsur erkannt worden ist. Wurzeln und Zusammenhänge dieser Wissenschaftskultur ins Bewußtsein zu bringen, ist einerseits eine wichtige Voraussetzung für Österreichs Rolle im neuen Europa, andererseits auch ein wesentliches Element für Österreichs gegenwärtiges Selbstverständnis. Diesen Bewußtwerdungsprozeß zu fördern, ist die Zielsetzung nicht nur dieses Bandes, sondern auch der gesamten Reihe "Veröffentlichungen des Instituts Wiener Kreis".

Österreichs Beitrag zur Moderne

Wissenschaft als Kultur

Peter Weibel

Cultural Exodus from Austria

Erstmals wird im ersten Teil dieses Buches die österreichische Exil- und Emigrationsforschung über die „Vertriebene Vernunft und Kunst“ in englischer Sprache dokumentiert. Mit Beiträgen über den kulturellen Exodus (Wissenschaft, Literatur, Film, Theater, Musik, Architektur und bildende Kunst) in der Epoche des Faschismus und Nationalsozialismus mit den spürbaren Folgen bis zur Gegenwart wird der durch Vertreibung und Vernichtung vom Lande selbst verursachte geistige Verlust zwischen Kontinuität und Bruch thematisiert. Die Forschungsbeiträge von vorwiegend jüngeren österreichischen WissenschaftlerInnen werden durch (auto)biographische Texte von – heute prominenten – vertriebenen Österreichern und Vertretern des Widerstandes bereichert.Im zweiten, dokumentarischen Teil sind rund 4000 Kurzbiographien der österreichischen kulturellen Emigration in Form von 5 Datenbanken (Wissenschaft, Literatur, Film/Theater, Musik, bildende Kunst/Architektur) in deutscher Sprache sowie durch eine umfassende Dokumentation der österreichischen Exilzeitschriften (1933–1945) abgedrucktDamit stellt diese Publikation ein reich illustriertes Lese- und Materialienbuch zum kulturellen Exodus aus Österreich dar, dessen Aktualität auch in der heutigen Rolle Österreichs als (R)Emigrations- und Immigrationsland nach der „Wende 1989/90“ liegt.

The Cultural Exodus from Austria

Michael Stöltzner

This wide-ranging collection of essays contains eighteen original articles by authors representing some of the most important recent work on Wittgenstein. It deals with questions pertaining to both the interpretation and application of Wittgenstein’s thought and the editing of his works. Regarding the latter, it also addresses issues concerning scholarly electronic publishing. The collection is accompanied by a comprehensive introduction which lays out the content and arguments of each contribution. Contributors: Knut Erik Tranøy, Lars Hertzberg, Georg Henrik von Wright, Marie McGinn, Cora Diamond, James Conant, David G. Stern, Eike von Savigny, P.M.S. Hacker, Hans-Johann Glock, Allan Janik, Kristóf Nyíri, Antonia Soulez, Brian McGuinness, Anthony Kenny, Joachim Schulte, Herbert Hrachovec, Cameron McEwen.

Proceedings of the 28. International Ludwig Wittgenstein Symposium, Kirchberg am Wechsel, Austria 2005

Time and History

Denis Fisette

Guillaume Fréchette

The book discusses Franz Brentano’s impact on Austrian philosophy. It contains both a critical reassessment of Brentano’s place in the development of Austrian philosophy at the turn of the 20th century and a reevaluation of the impact and significance of his philosophy of mind or ‘descriptive psychology’ which was Brentano's most important contribution to contemporary philosophy and to the philosophy in Vienna. In addition, the relation between Brentano, phenomenology, and the Vienna Circle is investigated, together with a related documentation of Brentano's disciple Alfred Kastil (in German). The general part deals with the ongoing discussion of Carnap's "Aufbau" (Vienna Circle Lecture by Alan Chalmers) and the philosophy of mind, with a focus on physicalism as discussed by Carnap and Wittgenstein (Gergely Ambrus). As usual, two reviews of recent publications in the philosophy of mathematics (Paolo Mancosu) and research on Otto Neurath's lifework (Jordi Cat/Adam Tuboly) are included as related research contributions. This book is of interest to students, historians, and philosophers dealing with the history of Austrian and German philosophy in the 19th and 20th century.

Franz Brentano and Austrian Philosophy

Ulrich Arnswald

Der interdisziplinäre "Wiener Kreis" (der "Wissenschaftlichen Weltauffassung", des "Logischen Empirismus") entstand um Moritz Schlick im Wien der Zwischenkriegszeit. Er ist bis heute nicht nur in den exakten Wissenschaften und der analytischen Philosophie allgegenwärtig. Er hat darüber hinaus Forschungsfelder wie Ökonomie, Architektur (Werkbund und Bauhaus), Psychologie (Gestalttheorie) oder moderner Literatur mitbestimmt. Seine Wirkung reicht von sozialen Reformbewegungen (Siedlerbewegung) bis in die Kunst der Neuen Sachlichkeit.

Der Wiener Kreis - Aktualität in Wissenschaft, Literatur, Architektur und Kunst

Die zweite Auflage dieses inzwischen vergriffenen Buches (1. Auflagen Suhrkamp 1997/2001) stellt die einzige Gesamtdarstellung und Dokumentation des Wiener Kreises im historischen Kontext dar. Es liefert eine wissenschaftsgeschichtliche und systematische Untersuchung zum Logischen Empirismus des Wiener Kreises, der bis heute als bahnbrechende Strömung wissenschaftlicher und analytischer Philosophie eine internationale Berühmtheit erlangt hat. Nach der Vorgeschichte des Wiener Kreises in der Monarchie wird das geistige Umfeld der „Spätaufklärung“ in der Ersten Republik als Grundlage für die Entwicklung des Schlick-Zirkels (mit der Publikation der Protokolle), sowie des Vereins Ernst Mach und Karl Mengers Mathematisches Kolloquium dargestellt. Die interne und externe Entwicklung dieser Gruppe wird bis zum „Anschluss“ 1938 beschrieben, die einerseits durch einen blühenden Aufstieg mit wachsender Anerkennung im Ausland, andererseits durch die Vertreibung aus ihrer Heimatstadt charakterisiert ist. Dabei wird auf der Basis von Primärquellen das Verhältnis des Wiener Kreises zu den wichtigsten Bezugspersonen wie Ludwig Wittgenstein, Heinrich Gomperz und Karl Popper (mit einem Interview) neu dargestellt, sowie der Pluralismus des Kreises am Beispiel von Otto Neurath und Moritz Schlick illustriert.Der dokumentarische Teil bietet eine biografische und bibliografische Gesamtschau des Wiener Kreises und seiner Peripherie auf dem aktuellsten Stand der Forschung sowie die erste quellenorientierte Dokumentation zur folgenreichen Ermordung von Moritz Schlick im Jahre 1936.Das Buch stellt ein Standardwerk zur Geschichte des Wiener Kreises dar, der für die damalige europäische Wissenschaftsphilosophie und ihre Wirkung in der heutigen analytischen philosophy of science exemplarisch ist.

Ursprung, Entwicklung und Wirkung des Logischen Empirismus im Kontext

Der Wiener Kreis

This abridged and revised edition of the original book (Springer-Wien-New York: 2001) offers the only comprehensive history and documentation of the Vienna Circle based on new sources with an innovative historiographical approach to the study of science. With reference to previously unpublished archival material and more recent literature, it refutes a number of widespread clichés about "neo-positivism" or "logical positivism". Following some insights on the relation between the history of science and the philosophy of science, the book offers an accessible introduction to the complex subject of "the rise of scientific philosophy” in its socio-cultural background and European philosophical networks till the forced migration in the Anglo-Saxon world. The first part of the book focuses on the origins of Logical Empiricism before World War I and the development of the Vienna Circle in "Red Vienna" (with the "Verein Ernst Mach"), its fate during Austro-Fascism (Schlick's murder 1936) and its final expulsion by National-Socialism beginning with the "Anschluß" in 1938. It analyses the dynamics of the Schlick-Circle in the intellectual context of "late enlightenment" including the minutes of the meetings from 1930 on for the first time published and presents an extensive description of the meetings and international Unity of Science conferences between 1929 and 1941. The chapters introduce the leading philosophers of the Schlick Circle (e.g., Hans Hahn, Otto Neurath, Rudolf Carnap, Philipp Frank, Felix Kaufmann, Edgar Zilsel) and describe the conflicting interaction between Moritz Schlick and Otto Neurath, the long term communication between Moritz Schlick, Friedrich Waismann and Ludwig Wittgenstein, as well as between the Vienna Circle with Heinrich Gomperz and Karl Popper. In addition, Karl Menger's "Mathematical Colloquium" with Kurt Gödel is presented as a parallel movement. The final chapter of this section describes the demise of the Vienna Circle and the forced exodus of scientists and intellectuals from Austria. The second part of the book includes a bio-bibliographical documentation of the Vienna Circle members and for the first time of the assassination of Moritz Schlick in 1936, followed by an appendix comprising an extensive list of sources and literature.

Studies in the Origins, Development, and Influence of Logical Empiricism

The Vienna Circle

E. Nemeth

The present Volume 4 of the Vienna Circle Yearbook is dedicated to Otto Neurath, one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle and one of last polymaths representative of the vanished culture from which the Circle emerged. Situating Neurath's work between the topoi of Encyclopedism - as a theoretical, scientific tool of the `unfinished' project of (post-) enlightenment - and Utopianism - as the resolve to work for the systematic improvement of society and science - this volume presents the most recent research as well as critical and updated surveys and assessments of Neurath's many-faceted and impressive life work. The contributions range from history and philosophy of science, epistemology, sociology and economics to pictorial statistics (ISOTYPE) and museology. Special attention is given to Neurath's methodological holism and epistemological naturalism, as well as to the interrelations of the different disciplines in Neurath's conception of the Unity of Science. Most contributors agree that the historical and systematic reconstruction of Neurath's conception of science leads to issues of crucial relevance to the ongoing task of sharpening the instrument that is science for its responsible application in the natural and social world. The volume also includes Neurath's previously unpublished full manuscript on visual education, a report on archival holdings concerning Neurath's work and a review section focusing on recent publications on Neurath and Logical Empiricism. An overview of the activities of the Institute Vienna Circle 1996/97 concludes the volume. Audience: Philosophers in general, philosophers of science and historians of science, and sociologists. The book will also interest scholars specialized in adult education, museology and economics.

The Life and Work of Otto Neurath (1882-1945)

Encyclopedia and Utopia

This edited volume features essays written in honor of Ernst Mach. It explores his life, work, and legacy. Readers will gain a better understanding of this natural scientist and scholar who made major contributions to physics, the philosophy of science, and physiological psychology. The essays offer a critical inventory of Mach’s lifework in line with state-of-the-art research and historiography. It begins with physics, where he paved the way for Einstein’s Theory of Relativity. The account continues with Mach's contributions in biology, psychology, and physiology pioneering with an empiricist and gestalthaft Analysis of Sensations. Readers will also discover how in the philosophy of science he served as a model for the Vienna Circle with the Ernst Mach Society as well as paved the way for an integrated history and theory of science. Indeed, his influence extends far beyond the natural sciences -- to the Vienna Medical School and psychoanalysis (R. Bárány, J. Breuer, S. Freud), to literature (Jung Wien, R. Musil), to politics (F. Adler, Austro-Marxism and the Viennese adult education), to arts between Futurism and Minimal Art as well as to social sciences between the liberal school (J. Schumpeter, F. A. von Hayek) and empirical social research (P. Lazarsfeld und M. Jahoda).

Ernst Mach – Life, Work, Influence

Anna Brożek

Jan Woleński

This volume is a result of the international symposium “The Tradition of the Lvov-Warsaw School in European Culture,” which took place in Warsaw, Poland, September 2015. It collects almost all the papers presented at the symposium as well as some additional ones. The contributors include scholars from Austria, the Netherlands, Ireland, and Poland. The papers are devoted to the history and reception of the Lvov-Warsaw School, a Polish branch of analytic philosophy. They present the School’s achievements as well as its connections to other analytic groups. The contributors also show how the tradition of the School is developed contemporarily. The title will appeal to historians of analytic philosophy as well as historians of philosophy in Central Europe.

The Significance of the Lvov-Warsaw School in the European Culture

Niels Weidtmann

Sami Pihlström

This book explores the complexity of two philosophical traditions, extending from their origins to the current developments in neopragmatism. Chapters deal with the first encounters of these traditions and beyond, looking at metaphysics and the Vienna circle as well as semantics and the principle of tolerance. There is a general consensus that North-American (neo-)pragmatism and European Logical Empiricism were converging philosophical traditions, especially after the forced migration of the European Philosophers. But readers will discover a pluralist image of this relation and interaction with an obvious family resemblance. This work clarifies and specifies the common features and differences of these currents since the beginning of their mutual scientific communication in the 19th century. The book draws on collaboration between authors and philosophers from Vienna, Tübingen, and Helsinki, and their networks. It will appeal to philosophers, scholars in the history of philosophy, philosophers of science, pragmatists and beyond.

Friedrich Stadler

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