Jason Stanley

“No single book is as relevant to the present moment.”—Claudia Rankine, author of Citizen “One of the defining books of the decade.”—Elizabeth Hinton, author of From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW EDITORS’ CHOICE • Fascist politics are running rampant in America today—and spreading around the world. A Yale philosopher identifies the ten pillars of fascist politics, and charts their horrifying rise and deep history. As the child of refugees of World War II Europe and a renowned philosopher and scholar of propaganda, Jason Stanley has a deep understanding of how democratic societies can be vulnerable to fascism: Nations don’t have to be fascist to suffer from fascist politics. In fact, fascism’s roots have been present in the United States for more than a century. Alarmed by the pervasive rise of fascist tactics both at home and around the globe, Stanley focuses here on the structures that unite them, laying out and analyzing the ten pillars of fascist politics—the language and beliefs that separate people into an “us” and a “them.” He knits together reflections on history, philosophy, sociology, and critical race theory with stories from contemporary Hungary, Poland, India, Myanmar, and the United States, among other nations. He makes clear the immense danger of underestimating the cumulative power of these tactics, which include exploiting a mythic version of a nation’s past; propaganda that twists the language of democratic ideals against themselves; anti-intellectualism directed against universities and experts; law and order politics predicated on the assumption that members of minority groups are criminals; and fierce attacks on labor groups and welfare. These mechanisms all build on one another, creating and reinforcing divisions and shaping a society vulnerable to the appeals of authoritarian leadership. By uncovering disturbing patterns that are as prevalent today as ever, Stanley reveals that the stuff of politics—charged by rhetoric and myth—can quickly become policy and reality. Only by recognizing fascists politics, he argues, may we resist its most harmful effects and return to democratic ideals. “With unsettling insight and disturbing clarity, How Fascism Works is an essential guidebook to our current national dilemma of democracy vs. authoritarianism.”—William Jelani Cobb, author of The Substance of Hope

The Politics of Us and Them

How Fascism Works

Our democracy today is fraught with political campaigns, lobbyists, liberal media, and Fox News commentators, all using language to influence the way we think and reason about public issues. Even so, many of us believe that propaganda and manipulation aren't problems for us--not in the way they were for the totalitarian societies of the mid-twentieth century. In How Propaganda Works, Jason Stanley demonstrates that more attention needs to be paid. He examines how propaganda operates subtly, how it undermines democracy--particularly the ideals of democratic deliberation and equality--and how it has damaged democracies of the past.

How propaganda works

How Propaganda Works

How Fascists Rewrite the Past to Control the Future

Erasing History

David Beaver

"In much of the theory of meaning, philosophers and linguists have focused on the use of language in conveying information in cooperative informational exchanges. As a result, political uses of speech, of the sort that political propaganda exemplifies, have not been taken to be a central case of language use. In this book, Jason Stanley and David Beaver focus on the political use of speech as a central case, which leads to a foundational rethinking of the theory of meaning. By focusing on the political uses of speech, one arrives at better (and more general) tools to describe speech, as well as a more accurate view of its central functions. More dramatically, it enables us to see the ways in which virtually all speech is political-a fact that is masked by much of the theory of meaning. Stanley and Beaver's topic is speech generally-its function and how best to represent that function. Political propaganda serves as a window into that topic, since its function is not obviously to share information, or even misinformation. They emphasize the importance of understanding how political propaganda works via the topic of the justification of free speech and argue that political propaganda poses a problem for a broad range of justifications of free speech. Stanley and Beaver argue that it is not possible to compartmentalize the political aspects of speech from the non-political aspects of speech, nor is it possible to carve out a neutral deliberative space of evaluating reasons qua reasons. Speech is invariably political"--

The Politics of Language

Emeline Starr

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Quick, Cheap, Easy

The Healthy College Cookbook

A provocative case for the inherently political nature of language In The Politics of Language, David Beaver and Jason Stanley present a radical new approach to the theory of meaning, offering an account of communication in which political and social identity, affect, and shared practices play as important a role as information. This new view of language, they argue, has dramatic consequences for free speech, democracy, and a range of other areas in which speech plays a central role. Drawing on a wealth of disciplines, The Politics of Language argues that the function of speech—whether in dialogue, larger group interactions, or mass communication—is to attune people to something, be it a shared reality, emotion, or identity. Reconceptualizing the central ideas of pragmatics and semantics, Beaver and Stanley apply their account to a range of phenomena that defy standard frameworks in linguistics and philosophy of language—from dog whistles and covert persuasion to echo chambers and genocidal speech. The authors use their framework to show that speech is inevitably political because all communication is imbued with the resonances of particular ideologies and their normative perspectives on reality. At a time when democracy is under attack, authoritarianism is on the rise, and diversity and equality are being demanded, The Politics of Language offers a powerful new vision of the language of politics, ideology, and protest.

Η φασιστική πολιτική δεν είναι υπόθεση μόνο των φασιστικών κρατών. Ο καθηγητής φιλοσοφίας του πανεπιστημίου Γέιλ Jason Stanley εντοπίζει τις βασικές στρατηγικές της φασιστικής πολιτικής και καταγράφει την τρομακτική τους διάδοση και τη μακρά τους ιστορία στις ΗΠΑ και στον κόσμο – καταλήγοντας ότι ο φασισμός παραμένει ζωντανός. Αντλώντας στοιχεία από την ιστορία, τη φιλοσοφία, την κριτική φυλετική θεωρία, και παραδείγματα από όλο τον κόσμο (από την Αμερική του 19ου έως τη Γερμανία του 20ού και την Ινδία του 21ου αιώνα) ο Stanley αναλύει τους βασικούς πυλώνες της φασιστικής πολιτικής όπως αυτοί ανιχνεύονται σε πρακτικές σύγχρονων ηγετών: προπαγάνδα για το μυθικό παρελθόν, αντιδιανοουμενισμός, ψέμα, ιεραρχία, θυματοποίηση, νόμος και τάξη, σεξουαλικό άγχος, διάλυση της κοινωνικής πρόνοιας και της ενότητας. Ο κίνδυνος που ελλοχεύει με την εφαρμογή τέτοιων διχαστικών πρακτικών είναι η αφαίρεση της ανθρώπινης υπόστασης από μερίδες του πληθυσμού και η συνακόλουθη δικαιολόγηση απάνθρωπης μεταχείρισης, η οποία μπορεί να πάρει διάφορες μορφές, από καταπίεση της ελευθερίας, φυλακίσεις, απελάσεις μέχρι και μαζική εξόντωση σε ακραίες περιπτώσεις. Παιδί προσφύγων του Β΄ Παγκόσμιου πολέμου ο ίδιος, ο συγγραφέας επιδιώκει να παράσχει τα κατάλληλα εργαλεία στους πολίτες, ώστε να μπορούν να αντιστέκονται στον φασιστικό μύθο βρίσκοντας καταφύγιο στις δημοκρατικές ιδέες.

Πώς λειτουργεί ο φασισμός

Alexandra Nimetz

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Natural languages all contain constructions the interpretation of which depends upon the situation in which they are used. In Language and Context, Jason Stanley presents a series of essays which develop a theory of how the situation in which we speak interacts with the words we use to help produce what we say. The reason we can so smoothly operate with sentences that can be used to express very different items of information, Stanley argues, is that there are linguistically mandated constraints on the effects of the situation on what we say. These linguistically mandated constraints are most evident in the cases of sentences containing explicit pronouns, such as 'She is a mathematician', where interpretation of the information expressed is guided by the use of the pronoun 'she'. But even when such explicit pronouns are lacking, our sentences provide similar cues to allow our interlocutors to determine the information expressed. We are, in the main, confident that our interlocutors will smoothly grasp what we say, because the grammar and meaning of our sentences encodes these constraints. In defending this theory, Stanley pays close attention to specific cases of context-sensitive constructions, such as quantified noun phrases, comparative adjectives, and conditionals. Philosophers and cognitive scientist have appealed to the dependence of what is intuitively said by a sentence on the situation in which it is uttered to argue against the possibility of a systematic theory of meaning for natural language. The theory developed in this book is a vigorous defence of the possibility of a systematic theory of meaning for natural language against these influential tendencies.

Selected Essays

Language in Context

Jason Stanley presents a startling and provocative claim about knowledge: that whether or not someone knows a proposition at a given time is in part determined by his or her practical interests, i.e. by how much is at stake for that person at that time. In defending this thesis, Stanley introduces readers to a number of strategies for resolving philosophical paradox, making the book essential not just for specialists in epistemology but for all philosophers interested inphilosophical methodology.

Knowledge and Practical Interests

A curiosidade quanto ao termo fascismo é um fenômeno sem precedentes no mundo contemporâneo. Mas por quê? Mesclando magistralmente reflexões históricas, filosóficas, sociológicas e de teoria crítica da raça, este livro revisita célebres exemplos de movimentos ultranacionalistas para mostrar as dez características fundamentais do fascismo. Um estudo visceral, fascinante e atualíssimo.

A política do "nós" e "eles"

Como funciona o fascismo

Seguro que este último punto te preocupa. ¿Pero acaso no has suscrito en alguna ocasión varios de los otros cuatro? Jason Stanley nos explica los mecanismos que emplea el fascismo para llegar al poder y articular nuestras vidas: del pasado mítico a la propaganda, pasando por la sexualidad, la jerarquía o el victimismo del ellos contra nosotros. El fascismo no es solo cosa del pasado, sino que se ha infiltrado en el presente para, si no tomamos consciencia, marcar la agenda del futuro. De un futuro muy negro.

Jason Stanley

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