Zygmunt Bauman

Leonidas Donskis

la pérdida de sensibilidad en la modernidad líquida

Ceguera moral

Esiste una modalità specificamente liquido-moderna del male. È ancora più insidiosa e pericolosa delle sue precedenti manifestazioni storiche perché il male oggi appare frammentato, polverizzato, disarticolato e disperso. Il male liquefatto si cela alla vista e, anziché essere riconosciuto per ciò che è, riesce a passare inosservato. In un dialogo serrato con il filosofo Leonidas Donskis, Zygmunt Bauman affronta il tema del male nella contemporaneità. Perché se da una parte è indubitabilmente un compagno permanente e inalienabile della condizione umana, dall'altra sono inedite le forme e i modi in cui opera nella sua odierna versione liquefatta. Il male liquido ha una stupefacente capacità di camuffarsi e reclutare al proprio servizio ogni sorta di interesse e desiderio umano, profondamente umano. Lo fa con motivazioni tanto pretestuose quanto difficili da sfatare e confutare. Il più delle volte il male liquefatto riesce ad apparire non come un mostro, ma come un amico che non vede l'ora di dare una mano. Utilizza come strategia di fondo la tentazione anziché la coercizione. Ha l'impressionante capacità, tipica dei liquidi, di scorrere attorno agli ostacoli che si trovano sul suo cammino. Come ogni liquido, li impregna e li macera fino a eroderli per poi assimilarli nel suo organismo in modo da nutrirlo e accrescerlo ulteriormente. È questa sua capacità, accanto alla elusività, a rendere così arduo lo sforzo di resistergli efficacemente.

Vivere in un mondo senza alternative

Male liquido

This book analyzes such symbolic designs of the modern troubled imagination as the conspiracy theory of society, deterministic concepts of identity and order, antisemitic obsessions, self-hatred, and the myth of the loss of roots. It offers, among other things, the unique East-Central European materials incorporated in a broad, imaginative synthesis and critique of contemporary social analysis.

The Troubled Imagination in Modern Philosophy and Literature

Forms of Hatred

This volume is an attempt to rethink Niccol Machiavelli, one of the most challenging political thinkers in the history of European political thought. In 2013, we will mark 500 years since Machiavelli wrote his puzzling letter to Lorenzo deOCO Medici, Il Principe . This book is an endeavor to cover some of the most complex aspects of MachiavelliOCOs life and work."

History, Power, and Virtue

Niccolò Machiavelli

J. D. Mininger

The book is comprised of essays that utilize Shakespeare as a productive window into topics of contemporary social and political relevance. Its interdisciplinary qualities make the book relevant for students of political studies, literature, philosophy, cultural studies, and history.

Shakespeare as Social and Political Critique

Politics Otherwise

Susan Buck-Morss

Julian Stallabrass

This text documents and expands upon an exhibition programme of the same name; a project organized by the London based arts initiative Beaconsfield and Jutempus - a similar artists-led space in Vilnius, Lithuania.

Technology and Utopia

Ground Control

There is nothing new about evil; it has been with us since time immemorial. But there is something new about the kind of evil that characterizes our contemporary liquid-modern world. The evil that characterized earlier forms of solid modernity was concentrated in the hands of states claiming monopolies on the means of coercion and using the means at their disposal to pursue their ends ends that were at times horrifically brutal and barbaric. In our contemporary liquid-modern societies, by contrast, evil has become altogether more pervasive and at the same time less visible. Liquid evil hides in the seams of the canvass woven daily by the liquid-modern mode of human interaction and commerce, conceals itself in the very tissue of human cohabitation and in the course of its routine and day-to-day reproduction. Evil lurks in the countless black holes of a thoroughly deregulated and privatized social space in which cutthroat competition and mutual estrangement have replaced cooperation and solidarity, while forceful individualization erodes the adhesive power of inter-human bonds. In its present form evil is hard to spot, unmask and resist. It seduces us by its ordinariness and then jumps out without warning, striking seemingly at random. The result is a social world that is comparable to a minefield: we know it is full of explosives and that explosions will happen sooner or later but we have no idea when and where they will occur. In this new book, the sequel to their acclaimed work Moral Blindness Zygmunt Bauman and Leonidas Donskis guide the reader through this new terrain in which evil has become both more ordinary and more insidious, threatening to strip humanity of its dreams, alternative projects and powers of dissent at the very time when they are needed most.

Liquid Evil

Evil is not confined to war or to circumstances in which people are acting under extreme duress. Today it more frequently reveals itself in the everyday insensitivity to the suffering of others, in the inability or refusal to understand them and in the casual turning away of one’s ethical gaze. Evil and moral blindness lurk in what we take as normality and in the triviality and banality of everyday life, and not just in the abnormal and exceptional cases. The distinctive kind of moral blindness that characterizes our societies is brilliantly analysed by Zygmunt Bauman and Leonidas Donskis through the concept of adiaphora: the placing of certain acts or categories of human beings outside of the universe of moral obligations and evaluations. Adiaphora implies an attitude of indifference to what is happening in the world – a moral numbness. In a life where rhythms are dictated by ratings wars and box-office returns, where people are preoccupied with the latest gadgets and forms of gossip, in our ‘hurried life’ where attention rarely has time to settle on any issue of importance, we are at serious risk of losing our sensitivity to the plight of the other. Only celebrities or media stars can expect to be noticed in a society stuffed with sensational, valueless information. This probing inquiry into the fate of our moral sensibilities will be of great interest to anyone concerned with the most profound changes that are silently shaping the lives of everyone in our contemporary liquid-modern world.

The Loss of Sensitivity in Liquid Modernity

Moral Blindness

Classical and modern literature often reveal more about the organized world's forms of power and authority structures than do works of political philosophy. What are the origins of political consciousness? How does our understanding of political power and its exercise originate in literature? Why do the early manifestations of political and religious tolerance appear in utopian literature, rather than in philosophical treatises? Is it possible to do fictionally what others tend to do academically and theoretically? Exploring these questions allows Leonidas Donskis to analyze the relationship between power and imagination, politics and literature, and the principles of reality and imagination.

Leonidas Donskis

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