Richard Bessel

No historical subject is more apt to arouse passion and interest than the Third Reich. This collection of essays by eight leading historians presents valuable insights into Nazi Germany. Life in the Third Reich examines the lives of ordinary Germans during the 1930s and 1940s, and how they responded to the complex mixture of bribery and terror, extortion and concession, barbarity and appeals made to conventional moral values, employed by the Nazis to maintain a grip upon society.

Life in the Third Reich

A social history of Germany in the years following the First World War, Germany After the First World War explores Germany's defeat and the subsequent demobilization of its armies, events which had devastating social and psychological consequences for the nation. Richard Bessel examines the changes brought by the War to Germany, including those resulting from the return of soldiers to civilian life and the effects of demobilization on the economy. He demonstrates that the postwar transition was viewed as a moral crusade by Germans desperately concerned about challenges to traditional authority; and he assesses the ways in which the experience of the War, and memories of it, affected the politics of the Weimar Republic. This original and scholarly book offers important insights into the sense of dislocation, both personal and national, experienced by Germany and Germans in the 1920s, and its damaging legacy for German democracy.

Germany After the First World War

From War to Peace

Germany 1945

In 1945, Germany experienced the greatest outburst of deadly violence that the world has ever seen. Germany 1945 examines the country's emergence from the most terrible catastrophe in modern history. When the Second World War ended, millions had been murdered; survivors had lost their families; cities and towns had been reduced to rubble and were littered with corpses. Yet people lived on, and began rebuilding their lives in the most inauspicious of circumstances. Bombing, military casualties, territorial loss, economic collapse and the processes of denazification gave Germans a deep sense of their own victimhood, which would become central to how they emerged from the trauma of total defeat, turned their backs on the Third Reich and its crimes, and focused on a transition to relative peace. Germany's return to humanity and prosperity is the hinge on which Europe's twentieth century turned. For years we have concentrated on how Europe slid into tyranny, violence, war and genocide; this book describes how humanity began to get back out.

Essays discuss politcal violence, village life, public opinion of Hitler, Nazi policy against the Jews, social outcasts, and the experience of youngsters growing up in Nazi Germany

Lecturer in History Richard Bessel

A collection of essays comparing key aspects of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

Comparisons and Contrasts

Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany

After a century that has been described as the most violent in the history of humanity, Professor Richard Bessel has written an intelligent and fascinating book on the history of our violent world and how we have become obsessed about violence. He critiques the great themes of modern history from revolutionary upheavals around the globe, to the two world wars and the murder of the European Jews, to the great purges and, more recently, terrorism. Violence, it seems, is on everyone's mind. It constantly is in the news; it has given rise to an enormous historical, sociological, and philosophical literature; it occupies a prominent place in popular entertainment; and it is regarded as one of the fundamental problems affecting social, political and interpersonal relations. Bessel sheds light on this phenomenon and how our sensitivity towards violence has grown and has affected the ways in which we understand the world around us - in terms of religious faith, politics, military confrontation, the role of the state, as well as of interpersonal and intimate relations. He critiques our modern day relationship with violence and how despite its continuing and inevitable nature, we have become more committed to limiting and suppressing it. Both historically questioning and intensely evocative of the most vicious and brutal violence enacted by mankind, this book shows how the place of violence in the modern world presents a number of paradoxes and how it is an inescapable theme in human history.

A Modern Obsession

Violence

Helmut Lethen

Michael Geyer

Lutz Musner

Im Ersten Weltkrieg suchten die westlichen Demokratien ihre liberalen Errungenschaften gegen die Mittelmächte zu verteidigen. Der Krieg wurde jedoch zur elementaren Zäsur für das 20. Jahrhundert und wies voraus auf spätere totalitäre Gewaltexzesse. Die Autorinnen und Autoren beleuchten die vielfältigen Verwerfungen im Zeitraum von 1900 bis 1930: die politisch-räumliche und ethnische Neuordnung Europas, die daraus resultierenden gesellschaftlichen Umwälzungen auch über Europas Grenzen hinaus und die Neumodellierung von Identitäten. Denn die Schlachtfelder des "Großen Krieges" gerieten zu Geburtsstätten "neuer Menschen" - von Pazifisten wie emanzipierten Frauen, Bolschewisten wie Faschisten. Man erwartete nichts weniger als eine radikal umgestaltete Gesellschaft und einen historischen Zeitenbruch.

Zur Geopolitik und Psychopolitik des Ersten Weltkriegs

Zeitalter der Gewalt

Extreme Wars in the 20th Century

No Man's Land of Violence

Clive Emsley

Over the past thirty years social scientists and particularly social historians have stressed the need to take popular protest seriously. The corollary of this, the need to take the policing of protest seriously, seems to have been less well acknowledged. The aim of this volume is to redress this situation by probing, in depth, a limited number of incidents of public disorder and focusing particularly on the role of the police. In doing so, this collection will draw out general patterns of police provocation and public responses and suggest general hypotheses. The incidents explored range across Europe and the United States, involve different kinds of political regime, and are drawn from both the interwar and the postwar years. They pose important questions about the effects of riot training and specialist equipment for the police, about the reality and roles of "agitators" and of "rotten apples" amongst the police, and about the role of the media and the courts in fostering certain kinds of undesirable and counterproductive police behavior.

Police and Public Disorder

Patterns of Provocation

This is a social history of Germany in the years following the First World War. Germany's defeat and the subsequent demobilization of her armies had enormous economic, social, and psychological consequences for the nation, and it is these which Richard Bessel sets out to explore. Dr Bessel examines the changes brought by the War to Germany, by the return of the soldiers to civilian life and by the demobilization of the economy. He demonstrates how the postwar transition was viewed as a moral crusade by Germans desperately concerned about challenges to traditional authority; and he assesses the ways in which the experiences and memories of the War affected the politics of the Weimar Republic. This original and scholarly book offers important insights into the sense of dislocation, both personal and national, experienced by Germany and Germans after the First World War, and the damaging legacy of the War for German democracy.

A chilling and powerful account of the rise and fall of the Nazis, emphasising their beliefs in race and war which produced the most terrible killing frenzy in the history of humanity As this book shows, Nazi ideology was based on two central beliefs: in war and race. Peace was merely a preparation for war, war which would redraw the racial map of Europe. The author begins with the aftermath of the First World War and the corrosive myth-building which substituted memories of senseless slaughter with the myth of a meaningful and even sacred event. It moves on steadily through the 1920s and the Nazi seizure of power, to the economic boom, massive rearmament and government-sponsored anti-Semitism of the 1930s. And then on to the war itself and the Nazis' racist war of extermination. The author pays particular attention to the chaos and extreme violence of the last months of the war, so catastrophic for the German people that they came to believe that they too had been victims of the war. Finally he describes the aftermath of the Second World War and the wreckage left behind by the Nazis which affected the lives of Germans and Europeans far beyond May 1945.

Nazism and War

An incisive study of the Nazi regime and its war machine explores the impact of its ideology--racism, violence, and extreme nationalism resulting from Germany's defeat in World War I--on the course and conduct of World War II. Reprint. 10,000 first printing.

Richard Bessel

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