Toby Walsh

‘A compelling invitation to imagine the future we want’ —BRIAN CHRISTIAN, author of The Most Human Human By 2062 we will have built machines as intelligent as us – so the leading artificial intelligence and robotics experts predict. But what will this future look like? In 2062, world-leading researcher Toby Walsh considers the impact AI will have on work, war, economics, politics, everyday life and even death. Will automation take away most jobs? Will robots become conscious and take over? Will we become immortal machines ourselves, uploading our brains to the cloud? How will politics adjust to the post-truth, post-privacy digitised world? When we have succeeded in building intelligent machines, how will life on this planet unfold? Based on a deep understanding of technology, 2062 describes the choices we need to make today to ensure that the future remains bright. ‘Clarity and sanity in a world full of fog and uncertainty – a timely book about the race to remain human.’ —RICHARD WATSON, author of Digital Vs. Human and futurist-in-residence at Imperial College, London ‘One of the deepest questions facing humanity, pondered by a mind well and truly up to the task.’ —ADAM SPENCER, broadcaster

The World that AI Made

2062

Artificial intelligence is an essential part of our lives – for better or worse. It can be used to influence what we buy, who gets shortlisted for a job and even how we vote. Without AI, medical technology wouldn’t have come so far, we’d still be getting lost on backroads in our GPS-free cars, and smartphones wouldn’t be so, well, smart. But as we continue to build more intelligent and autonomous machines, what impact will this have on humanity and the planet? Professor Toby Walsh, a world-leading researcher in the field of artificial intelligence, explores the ethical considerations and unexpected consequences AI poses – Is Alexa racist? Can robots have rights? What happens if a self-driving car kills someone? What limitations should we put on the use of facial recognition? Machines Behaving Badly is a thought-provoking look at the increasing human reliance on robotics and the decisions that need to be made now to ensure the future of AI is as a force for good, not evil.

The Morality of AI

Machines Behaving Badly

Serge Gaspers

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing, SAT 2017, held in Melbourne, Australia, in August/September 2017. The 22 revised full papers, 5 short papers, and 3 tool papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 64 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: algorithms, complexity, and lower bounds; clause learning and symmetry handling; maximum satisfiability and minimal correction sets; parallel SAT solving; quantified Boolean formulas; satisfiability modulo theories; and SAT encodings.

20th International Conference, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, August 28 – September 1, 2017, Proceedings

Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing – SAT 2017

The development of Artificial Intelligence is an adventure as bold and ambitious as any that humans have attempted. And the truth is that thinking machines are already an indispensable part of our lives. Without them, Google couldn't answer your questions in a fraction of a second. Autonomous cars would exist only in science fiction. And your smartphone would be . . . just a phone. In countless ways, with every passing day, AI is shaping and reshaping our world. But where will AI technologies take us in the future? Will thinking machines destroy our jobs? Could their intelligence surpass our own? Could the rise of AI threaten the very existence of humanity? Leading researcher Toby Walsh takes us on a surprising and inspiring journey through the story of Artificial Intelligence - revealing how it is already transforming our societies, our economies and even ourselves - and makes ten fascinating predictions about what it will have achieved by the year 2050. 'A whirlwind tour through the history and the future of AI - and why it matters to all of us. A must-read.' - Sebastian Thrun, Stanford/Google/Udacity 'Toby Walsh's story of how artificial intelligence evolved from the dreams of Alan Turing to a powerful technological force today is exciting, insightful and incisive. Will his predictions about how AI will change life as we know it in the coming decades prove equally dead-on? I, for one, would not bet against him!' - Henry Kautz, past President of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, and Founding Director of Institute for Data Science and Professor at University of Rochester

Artificial Intelligence from the Logic Piano to Killer Robots

It's Alive!

Ian Gent

Hans van Maaren

Highlights of Satisfiability Research in the Year 2000

Sat2000

Enrico Giunchiglia

This book covers recent progress in solving propositional satisfiability and related problems. Propositional satisfiability is a powerful and general formalism used to solve a wide range of important problems including hardware and software verification. Research into methods to automate such reasoning has therefore a long history in artificial intelligence. This book follows on from the highly successful volume entitled SAT 2000 published five years ago.

Satisfiability Research in the Year 2005

SAT 2005

How will Artificial Intelligence (AI) impact our lives? Toby Walsh, one of the leading AI researchers in the world, takes a critical look at the many ways in which "thinking machines" will change our world. Based on a deep understanding of the technology, Walsh describes wher...

The Future of Artificial Intelligence

Machines that Think

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, CP 2001, held in Paphos, Cyprus, in November/December 2001. The 37 revised full papers, 9 innovative applications presentations, and 14 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 135 submissions. All current issues in constraint processing are addressed, ranging from theoretical and foundational issues to advanced and innovative applications in a variety of fields.

7th International Conference, CP 2001, Paphos, Cyprus, November 26 - December 1, 2001, Proceedings

Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming - CP 2001

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed conference proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Algorithmic Decision Theory , ADT 2015, held in September 2015 in Lexington, USA. The 32 full papers presented were carefully selected from 76 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections such as preferences; manipulation, learning and other issues; utility and decision theory; argumentation; bribery and control; social choice; allocation and other problems; doctoral consortium.

4th International Conference, ADT 2015, Lexington, KY, USA, September 27-30, 2015, Proceedings

Algorithmic Decision Theory

Berthe Y. Choueiry

This volume contains the proceedings of SARA 2000, the fourth Symposium on Abstraction, Reformulations, and Approximation (SARA). The conference was held at Horseshoe Bay Resort and Conference Club, Lake LBJ, Texas, July 26– 29, 2000, just prior to the AAAI 2000 conference in Austin. Previous SARA conferences took place at Jackson Hole in Wyoming (1994), Ville d’Est ́erel in Qu ́ebec (1995), and Asilomar in California (1998). The symposium grewout of a series of workshops on abstraction, approximation, and reformulation that had taken place alongside AAAI since 1989. This year’s symposium was actually scheduled to take place at Lago Vista Clubs & Resort on Lake Travis but, due to the resort’s failure to pay taxes, the conference had to be moved late in the day. This mischance engendered eleventh-hour reformulations, abstractions, and resource re-allocations of its own. Such are the perils of organizing a conference. This is the ?rst SARA for which the proceedings have been published in the LNAI series of Springer-Verlag. We hope that this is a re?ection of the increased maturity of the ?eld and that the increased visibility brought by the publication of this volume will help the discipline grow even further. Abstractions, reformulations, and approximations (AR&A) have found - plications in a variety of disciplines and problems including automatic progr- ming, constraint satisfaction, design, diagnosis, machine learning, planning, qu- itative reasoning, scheduling, resource allocation, and theorem proving. The - pers in this volume capture a cross-section of these application domains.

4th International Symposium, SARA 2000 Horseshoe Bay, USA, July 26-29, 2000 Proceedings

Abstraction, Reformulation, and Approximation

There are few other human inventions that are likely to have as large an impact on our lives as machines that can think . . . The steam engine liberated our muscles; the computer is set to liberate our minds. The development of Artificial Intelligence is an adventure as bold and ambitious as any that humans have attempted. And the truth is that thinking machines are already an indispensable part of our lives. Without them, Google couldn’t answer your questions in a fraction of a second. Autonomous cars would exist only in science fiction. And your smartphone would be . . . just a phone. In countless ways, with every passing day, AI is shaping and reshaping our world. But where will AI technologies take us in the future? Will thinking machines destroy our jobs? Could their intelligence surpass our own? Could the rise of AI threaten the very existence of humanity? Leading researcher Toby Walsh takes us on a surprising and inspiring journey through the story of Artificial Intelligence – revealing how it is already transforming our societies, our economies and even ourselves – and makes ten fascinating predictions about what it will have achieved by the year 2050. ‘A whirlwind tour through the history and the future of AI - and why it matters to all of us. A must-read.’ —Sebastian Thrun, CEO of Udacity, a Google Fellow and VP, and a Research Professor at Stanford University. ‘Toby Walsh’s story of how artificial intelligence evolved from the dreams of Alan Turing to a powerful technological force today is exciting, insightful and incisive. Will his predictions about how AI will change life as we know it in the coming decades prove equally dead-on? I, for one, would not bet against him!’ —Henry Kautz, past President of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, and Founding Director of Institute for Data Science and Professor at University of Rochester ‘It’s Alive! addresses a broad range of issues in clear and refreshingly non-technical language that is suitable for readers who are looking to explore the subject without being scared off by too much scientific jargon.’ —Chris Saliba, Books+Publishing ‘Toby Walsh is one of those rare individuals who combine a deep knowledge of AI technology, a serious interest in its economic and social implications, and a verve for lively and engaging writing. If you want real insights about the coming future of machines that think better and faster than humans in more and more domains, then you need to read this book.’ —Erik Brynjolfsson, professor at MIT and coauthor of The Second Machine Age and Machine, Platform, Crowd

The development of thinking machines is an adventure as bold and ambitious as any that humans have attempted. And the truth is that Artificial Intelligence is already an indispensable part of our daily lives. Without it, Google wouldn't have answers and your smartphone would just be a phone.But how will AI change society by 2050? Will it destroy jobs? Or even pose an existential threat?Android Dreams is a lively exploration of how AI will transform our societies, economies and selves. From robot criminals to cyber healthcare, and a sky full of empty planes, Toby Walsh's predictions about AI are guaranteed to surprise you.

The Past, Present and Future of Artificial Intelligence

Android Dreams

Francesca Rossi

Kristen Brent Venable

Computational social choice is an expanding field that merges classical topics like economics and voting theory with more modern topics like artificial intelligence, multiagent systems, and computational complexity. This book provides a concise introduction to the main research lines in this field, covering aspects such as preference modelling, uncertainty reasoning, social choice, stable matching, and computational aspects of preference aggregation and manipulation. The book is centered around the notion of preference reasoning, both in the single-agent and the multi-agent setting. It presents the main approaches to modeling and reasoning with preferences, with particular attention to two popular and powerful formalisms, soft constraints and CP-nets. The authors consider preference elicitation and various forms of uncertainty in soft constraints. They review the most relevant results in voting, with special attention to computational social choice. Finally, the book considers preferences in matching problems. The book is intended for students and researchers who may be interested in an introduction to preference reasoning and multi-agent preference aggregation, and who want to know the basic notions and results in computational social choice. Table of Contents: Introduction / Preference Modeling and Reasoning / Uncertainty in Preference Reasoning / Aggregating Preferences / Stable Marriage Problems

Between Artificial Intelligence and Social Choice

A Short Introduction to Preferences

Peter van Beek

Constraint programming is a powerful paradigm for solving combinatorial search problems that draws on a wide range of techniques from artificial intelligence, computer science, databases, programming languages, and operations research. Constraint programming is currently applied with success to many domains, such as scheduling, planning, vehicle routing, configuration, networks, and bioinformatics. The aim of this handbook is to capture the full breadth and depth of the constraint programming field and to be encyclopedic in its scope and coverage. While there are several excellent books on constraint programming, such books necessarily focus on the main notions and techniques and cannot cover also extensions, applications, and languages. The handbook gives a reasonably complete coverage of all these lines of work, based on constraint programming, so that a reader can have a rather precise idea of the whole field and its potential. Of course each line of work is dealt with in a survey-like style, where some details may be neglected in favor of coverage. However, the extensive bibliography of each chapter will help the interested readers to find suitable sources for the missing details. Each chapter of the handbook is intended to be a self-contained survey of a topic, and is written by one or more authors who are leading researchers in the area. The intended audience of the handbook is researchers, graduate students, higher-year undergraduates and practitioners who wish to learn about the state-of-the-art in constraint programming. No prior knowledge about the field is necessary to be able to read the chapters and gather useful knowledge. Researchers from other fields should find in this handbook an effective way to learn about constraint programming and to possibly use some of the constraint programming concepts and techniques in their work, thus providing a means for a fruitful cross-fertilization among different research areas. The handbook is organized in two parts. The first part covers the basic foundations of constraint programming, including the history, the notion of constraint propagation, basic search methods, global constraints, tractability and computational complexity, and important issues in modeling a problem as a constraint problem. The second part covers constraint languages and solver, several useful extensions to the basic framework (such as interval constraints, structured domains, and distributed CSPs), and successful application areas for constraint programming. - Covers the whole field of constraint programming - Survey-style chapters - Five chapters on applications

Handbook of Constraint Programming

A scientist who has spent a career developing Artificial Intelligence takes a realistic look at the technological challenges and assesses the likely effect of AI on the future. How will Artificial Intelligence (AI) impact our lives? Toby Walsh, one of the leading AI researchers in the world, takes a critical look at the many ways in which "thinking machines" will change our world. Based on a deep understanding of the technology, Walsh describes where Artificial Intelligence is today, and where it will take us. • Will automation take away most of our jobs? • Is a "technological singularity" near? • What is the chance that robots will take over? • How do we best prepare for this future? The author concludes that, if we plan well, AI could be our greatest legacy, the last invention human beings will ever need to make.

Machines That Think

Jiro Kokuryo

Catharina Maracke

If governed adequately, AI (artificial intelligence) has the potential to benefit humankind enormously. However, if mismanaged, it also has the potential to harm humanity catastrophically. The title of this book reflects the belief that access to the benefits of AI, awareness about the nature of the technology, governance of the technology and its development process with a focus on responsible development, should be transparent, open, understood by and accessible to all people regardless of their geographic, generational, economic, cultural and/or other social background. The book is the result of a discussion series organized by the Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) which was financially supported by Google.

Toby Walsh

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