Victor I. Stoichita

Looks at the depiction and meaning of shadows in the history of Western art

Short History of the Shadow

Difference exists; otherness is constructed. This book asks how important Western artists, from Giotto to Titian and Caravaggio, and from Bosch to Dürer and Rembrandt, shaped the imaging of non-Western individuals in early modern art. Victor I. Stoichita’s nuanced and detailed study examines images of racial otherness during a time of new encounters of the West with different cultures and peoples, such as those with dark skins: Muslims and Jews. Featuring a host of informative illustrations and crossing the disciplines of art history, anthropology, and postcolonial studies, Darker Shades also reconsiders the Western canon’s most essential facets: perspective, pictorial narrative, composition, bodily proportion, beauty, color, harmony, and lighting. What room was there for the “Other,” Stoichita would have us ask, in such a crystalline, unchanging paradigm?

The Racial Other in Early Modern Art

Darker Shades

El simulacro es un objeto hecho, «un artefacto», capaz de producir un efecto de semejanza y de enmascarar la ausencia de modelo con la exageración de su propia «hiperrealidad». Este ensayo se interesa por la imagen que de repente se percibe poseyendo una existencia propia. Según el autor, el simulacro arranca del mito de Pigmalión, el escultor chipriota que se enamoró de su obra, a la que, en un rasgo de magnanimidad, los dioses le otorgaron vida. Nace así un ser extraño, un artefacto dotado de alma y cuerpo. La historia de Pigmalión se revela como un relato fundador que tematiza el triunfo de la ilusión estética; su argumento es «el arte de ocultar el arte», del cual, según Ovidio, Pigmalión tenía el secreto. El efecto Pigmalión nace en un texto muy astuto: las Metamorfosis de Ovidio. En él la «animación» se confía a los poderes del texto y sólo del texto. Pero será con la irrupción de la «imagen en movimiento», es decir, de la imagen fílmica, cuando se podrá, por fin, responder a las necesidades exigidas por las prácticas de animación de la estética moderna, prácticas no exentas de desafíos de orden técnico e incluso de un atisbo de «brujería». Precisamente es en el umbral de la traslación cinematográfica del mito de Pigmalión, tal y como Alfred Hitchcock lo aborda, donde termina este magnífico ensayo.

El efecto Pigmalión: de Ovidio a Hitchcock

Simulacros

Breve storia dell'ombra. Dalle origini della pittura alla Pop Art

The notion of the painting as an art object is a relatively recent invention. The Self-Aware Image offers an impressive and complex account of the origins and development of this invention from the late Renaissance through the end of the baroque age. In comparison to the old image characterized by its preeminently liturgical function and its display in a predetermined space, the painting as the new image is increasingly autonomous and movable. As a modern art object, the painting becomes the focus of an aesthetic contemplation through its insertion into a gallery or a collection. As a result of the Protestant iconoclasm and the advancement of scientific knowledge, the essence and role of the image is put into question and thematized not only by theologians and scholars, but especially by artists. The painting thus becomes a field of visual experimentation in which art reflects on itself, its potential, its limits, its truth, and its nothingness. The representation of windows, doors, niches, mirrors, and paintings enable artists to embed the image within the image, to frame the fictiveness of the image in order to deceive, puzzle, and challenge the beholder. The pictorial devices through which artists introduce their authorial self into the image and stage the making of the image itself form the foundation of a new poetics: the poetics of metapainting. First published in French in 1993, Victor Stoichita's Self-Aware Image has become a classic of the history of art. This new, updated, and improved English edition marks the twentieth anniversary of a work that radically changed the perception of seventeenth-century art and that constitutes an ever-valid reference for contemporary scholarship. An introduction by Lorenzo Pericolo illustrates the great importance of the book for our comprehension of baroque painting.

An Insight Into Early Modern Meta-Painting

The Self-Aware Image

Situé au point de rencontre de la représentation artistique et de la philosophie de la représentation, cet ouvrage se propose de poser les jalons de cette histoire qui conduit du mythe des origines à la photographie et au cinéma, à travers les expériences les plus significatives de l'utilisation de l'ombre dans l'art occidental.

Brève histoire de l'ombre

Esta B+breveB; y prodigiosa historia de la sombra comienza con dos mitos de origen. El primero, referido por Plinio el Viejo, y que con los anos se ha convertido en el mito de origen de la pintura, narra la historia de una legendaria muchacha de Corinto que, para conservar viva en la memoria la imagen de su enamorado, trazo una silueta a partir de su sombra. El segundo es la parabola de la caverna de Platon, en donde algunos hombres encadenados desde ninos en una morada subterranea solo alcanzan a ver las sombras de la realidad proyectadas sobre un muro. Partiendo de estos dos mitos del arte y del conocimiento, Victor I. Stoichita nos va desenredando el enmaranado itinerario de una metafora tan amplia en sugerencias que se ha convertido en uno de los desafios tecnicos y simbolicos mas perdurables en los artistas de Occidente: de Vasari y Cennini a los cuentos de hadas, de Poussin a Picasso, Warhol o Beuys, del cine expresionista y la fotografia a la psicologia infantil, este apasionante recorrido con mas de 100 ilustraciones nos llevara a desentranar el sentido mas primigenio del arte como representacion.

Breve historia de la sombra

Pygmalion's sculpture, which the gods endowed with life, marks, according to this book, perhaps the first instance in Western art of an image that exists on its own terms, rather than simply imitating something else. Stoichita delivers this image and its avatars from the shadow cast by art that merely replicates reality.

From Ovid to Hitchcock

The Pygmalion Effect

Anna Maria Coderch

This intriguing book on Goya concentrates on the closing years of the eighteenth century as a neglected milestone in his life. Goya waited until 1799 to publish his celebrated series of drawings, the Caprichos, which offered a personal vision of the "world turned upside down". Victor I. Stoichita and Anna Maria Coderch consider how themes of Revolution and Carnival (both seen as inversions of the established order) were obsessions in Spanish culture in this period, and make provocative connections between the close of the 1700s and the end of the Millennium. Particular emphasis is placed on the artist's links to the underground tradition of the grotesque, the ugly and the violent. Goya's drawings, considered as a personal and secret laboratory, are foregrounded in a study that also reinterprets his paintings and engravings in the cultural context of his time.

Victor I. Stoichita

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