What Men Live by and Other Tales

"What Men Live By" is a short story written by Russian author Leo Tolstoy in 1885. It is one of the short stories included in his collection What Men Live By, and Other Tales, published in 1885. The compilation also included the written pieces "The Three Questions," "The Coffee-House of Surat," and "How Much Land Does a Man Need?." A kind and humble shoemaker called Simon goes out one day to purchase sheep-skins in order to sew a winter coat for his wife and himself to share. Usually the little money which Simon earns would be spent to feed his wife and children. Simon decides that in order to afford the skins he must go on a collection to receive the five rubles and twenty kopeks owed to him by his customers. As he heads out to collect the money he also borrows a three-ruble note from his wife's money box. While going on his collection he only manages to receive twenty kopeks rather than the full amount. Feeling disheartened by this, Simon rashly spends the twenty kopeks on vodka and starts to head back home. On his way home he rants to himself about how little he can do with twenty kopeks besides spending it on alcohol and, feeling warmed after the drink, he says to himself that the winter cold is bearable without a sheep-skin coat. While approaching the chapel at the bend of the road, Simon stops and notices something pale-looking leaning against it. He peers harder and notices that it is a naked man who appears poor of health. At first he is suspicious and fears that the man may have no good intentions if he is in such a state. He proceeds to pass the man until he sees that the man has lifted his head and is looking towards him. Simon debates what to do in his mind and feels ashamed for his disregard and heads back to help the man. Simon takes off his cloth coat and wraps it around the stranger. He also gives him the extra pair of boots he was carrying. He aids him as they both walk toward Simon's home. Though they walk together side by side, the stranger barely speaks and when Simon asks how he was left in that situation the only answers the man would give are: "I cannot tell" and "God has punished me." Meanwhile, Simon's wife Matrena debates whether or not to bake more bread for the night's meal so that there is enough for the following morning's breakfast. She decides that the loaf of bread that they have left would be ample enough to last till the next morning. As she sees Simon approaching the door she is angered to see him with a strange man who is wrapped in Simon's clothing.