Scandalizing Jesus? Kazantzakis's The Last Temptation of Christ Fifty Years on

2005 marks the fiftieth anniversary of Nikos Kazantzakis's The Last Temptation of Christ. Since Kazantzakis ranks as one of the twentieth century's most important European writers, and given that this particular work of his has garnered so much publicity, this collection of essays re-assesses the novel, though nor forgetting the movie, in light of one half century's worth of criticism and reception history. Clergy and laity alike have denounced this novel. When it first appeared, the Greek Orthodox Church condemned it, the Vatican placed it on its index of Forbidden Texts, and conservative-evangelicals around the world protested its allegedly blasphemous portrayal of a human, struggling Messiah who `succumbs" to the devil's final snare while on the Cross: the temptation to happiness. When Martin Scorcese decided in the early 1980s to adapt the novel for teh silver screen, even stronger feelings were exposed. Even today his works are seldom studied in Greece, largely because the Greek government is unable or unwilling to anthologize his material for the national curriculum. After fifty years, however, the time seems right to re-examine the novel, the man, and the film, locating Kazantzakis and his work within an important debate about the relationship between religion and art. The volume contains original essays by Martin Scorsese, the film critic Peter Chattaway, and Kazantzakis's translator, Peter A. Bien.