How Democracies Die
Convincing

How Democracies Die

Fateful alliances -- Gatekeeping in America -- The great Republican abdication -- Subverting democracy -- The guardrails of democracy -- The unwritten rules of American politics -- The unraveling -- Trump against the guardrails -- Saving democracy
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Reviews

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Angelyn Francis@angelynsayshi
4 stars
Jul 4, 2024

I'd wanted to read this for a while and it was interesting to read now. It is inspired by and written at a time when Donald Trump had just completed his first year in office, so reading now after his entire term, Jan. 6 and the entire aftermath so far is like looking into the past. I overall enjoyed the book and was informed by the very digestible insights it provides. I frequently had at the back of my head, though, that analysis of foreign -- US influences on some of these countries was possibly lacking and the impact of race in America was addressed but again, felt like it underestimated the impact it has on political polarization.

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lala@polijus
4 stars
Jun 3, 2024

Picked up this book because I needed to learn about democracy, and this was not the right book for learning the fundamentals of democracy. This book delves into different instances where democracies are overthrown by, e.g. tyrants, reflecting through historical accounts of how said democracy is overthrown. What makes this book interesting is how easy it was written even for a layperson like me 😂 Levitsky’s account is detailed, but somehow simple, like he was dictating a recipe!! It’s very interesting and I didn’t get bored at all reading this book.

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Elda Mengisto@eldaam
4 stars
Oct 12, 2022

"Many Americans are justifiably frightened by what is happening to our country. But protecting our democracy requires more than just fright our outrage. We must be humble and bold...History doesn't repeat itself. But it rhymes." (10) With the end of this introduction, Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt argue that democracies don't always die with a bang or a coup d'etat, but rather, a series of salami-slicing at institutions and norms which are held up to preserve this governmental ideal. This idea of drifting toward authoritarianism can also be seen in Timothy Snyder's "On Tyranny". Like with Snyder, it bases it on historical examples and is a clear warning against complacency. Unlike Snyder, however, we see a more international scope of how political democracies waver, not just those in 1920s-30s Europe. However, Levitsky and Ziblatt utilize this in their earliest chapters, in which they document how forging alliances against authoritarian currents becomes significant in weeding them out from certain parties, and how others were completely overwhelmed. He also takes examples in Peru, Venezuela, and Chile to how without keeping referees accountable, without solid resistance in the media, and commitments towards democratic norms, democracies can be washed away. Especially with the democratic recession in the last decade, I found it significant to see how other democracies "died", and how they could be preserved. However, what I found most compelling was how they wrote about the United States in particular, and how the American experiment was just that--an experiment. On the surface, it looks stable, in that it has a long-lasting constitution and stable checks and balances. However, Levitsky and Ziblatt show how American norms were built over time, challenged, and reinforced. From court packing to party nominations, it documents the malleable nature of American democracy. One interesting thing was about how race was intimately tied to two concepts: tolerance and institutional forebearance. Polarization due to the slavery debate led to the Civil War, followed by Reconstruction. And yet, "mutual toleration was established onl after the issue of racial equality was removed from the political agenda" (124). This established a Pyrrhic victory: while there would be a stable democracy in the United States, it came at the cost of full democratization. So when civil rights were reconsidered 50 years ago, it became a polarizing topic again. Overall, "How Democracies Die" is a good overview, and a good reminder to not take American norms for granted. While the authors primarily on the history of removing democratic norms, they also give practical advice to preserve it. I like their desire to focus on re-establishing/reinforcing norms and focusing on income inequality to tame down extremist elements. It's good they dis-encourage "fighting fire with fire" from the Democratic Party, but I wonder how far they could actually go while doing so (8/10).

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Nelson Zagalo@nzagalo
4 stars
Sep 3, 2022

"How Democracies Die" (2018) é um livro de Steven Levitsky e Daniel Ziblatt, dois professores de ciência política dos EUA, especializados no estudo das políticas da América do Sul e em Política Comparada. Escreveram este livro como reação à subida de Trump ao poder, e para explicarem que apesar das pessoas acalentarem a ideia de que os EUA são um país diferente e capaz de suster todo o tipo de ataques contra a sua democracia, na realidade são uma democracia com as mesmas fragilidades de qualquer outra no globo. Para quem não estuda política, ou não é norte-americano, o interesse do livro está mais na discussão geral sobre o que são democracias, como se erguem e como caem. Para esse efeito os autores convocam exemplos de todo o mundo, com maior incidência na América Latina. Fazem um trabalho excecional demonstrativo da força e das fragilidades das democracias, dando conta das alterações ocorridas nas últimas décadas em termos da sua destruição. Isso mesmo resume-se no excerto que deixo aqui: “É assim que as democracias agora morrem." "A ditadura ostensiva – sob a forma de fascismo, comunismo ou domínio militar – desapareceu em grande parte do mundo. Golpes militares e outras tomadas violentas do poder são raros. A maioria dos países realiza eleições regulares. As Democracias continuam a morrer, mas por meios diferentes. Desde o final da Guerra Fria, a maior parte dos colapsos democráticos não foi causada por generais e soldados, mas pelos próprios governos eleitos. Tal como Chávez na Venezuela, líderes eleitos subverteram as instituições democráticas em países como a Geórgia, Hungria, Nicarágua, Peru, Filipinas, Polônia, Rússia, Sri Lanka, Turquia e Ucrânia. O retrocesso democrático hoje começa nas urnas.” “A via eleitoral para o colapso é perigosamente enganosa. Com um golpe de Estado clássico, como no Chile de Pinochet, a morte da democracia é imediata e evidente para todos. O palácio presidencial arde em chamas. O presidente é morto, aprisionado ou exilado. A Constituição é suspensa ou abandonada. Mas pela via eleitoral, nada disso acontece. Não há tanques nas ruas. Constituições e outras instituições nominalmente democráticas mantêm-se funcionais. As pessoas continuam a votar. Os autocratas eleitos mantêm um verniz de democracia enquanto vão eviscerando a sua essência.” “Muitos esforços do governo para subverter a democracia são “legais”, no sentido em que são aprovados pela legislatura ou aceites pelos tribunais. Eles podem mesmo ser retratados como esforços para aperfeiçoar a democracia — tornar o sistema judiciário mais eficiente, combater a corrupção ou limpar o processo eleitoral. Os jornais continuam a ser publicados, mas são comprados ou intimidados e levados à auto-censura. Os cidadãos continuam a criticar o governo, mas muitas vezes veem-se envolvidos em problemas com impostos ou outras questões legais. Isso cria perplexidade e confusão nas pessoas. Elas não compreendem imediatamente o que está a acontecer. Muitos continuam a acreditar que vivem em democracia. Em 2011, uma pesquisa da LatinoBarómetro perguntou aos venezuelanos que nota dariam ao seu país de 1 (“nada democrático”) a 10 (“completamente democrático”), e 51% dos respondentes deram 8 ou mais.” “Como não há um momento único — nenhum golpe, declaração de lei marcial ou suspensão da Constituição – em que o regime obviamente “ultrapassa o limite” para a ditadura, nada dispara os dispositivos de alarme da sociedade. Aqueles que denunciam os abusos do governo podem ser descartados como exagerados ou falsos alarmistas. A erosão da democracia é, para muitos, quase imperceptível.” Este resumo é o cerne do livro, que por sua vez corresponde a uma súmula que os autores referem como 4 Indicadores do Comportamento Autoritário 1.“Rejeição (ou fraco compromisso com) as regras democráticas do jogo." 2.“Negação da legitimidade dos opositores políticos." 3.“Tolerância ou incentivo à violência." 4. “Prontidão para reduzir as liberdades civis dos opositores, incluindo os meios de comunicação social". O resto do livro é um pouco menos relevante, ainda que muito relevante para os norte-americanos, por se focar em Trump. Para quem tiver interesse, ficará a saber como Trump furou o sistema, um sistema que foi alterado nos anos 1970, e como tornou quase impossível a recusa pelo Partido Republicano de o suportar. Além disso, os autores dão conta do modo ele tem seguido todo o caderno autoritário. No final do livro, fica a ideia, totalmente óbvia, que se Trump tivesse continuado para um segundo mandato acabaria a transformar-se num verdadeiro ditador, transformando com ele toda a paisagem política dos EUA. Nota: 3.5 Publicado no VI: https://virtual-illusion.blogspot.com...

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Jayme Bosio@jaymeb
5 stars
Aug 24, 2022

This book was very enlightening and did a great job of answering the question, "How the **** did we end up here?"

Photo of Cindy Lieberman
Cindy Lieberman@chicindy
5 stars
Mar 26, 2022

We’re well on our way to authoritarianism with the election of Donald Trump. As sobering as that is, our situation is not irrevocable, per the author, provided we address the two issues of racial and wealth inequality.

Photo of Hannah Myhre
Hannah Myhre@hannah_myhre
3 stars
Nov 5, 2021

Interesting book, took some time to read because it was factual but I’m happy that I read it

Photo of Natascha Dallige
Natascha Dallige@nadal
5 stars
Nov 12, 2024
+1
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Carlos Becker@caarlos0
1.5 stars
Jun 24, 2024
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Ricardo Joaquinito@quinito
4 stars
Dec 21, 2023
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Tanlyn Roelofs@tanroe
4 stars
Apr 26, 2023
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Maja Cieslik@majame
4 stars
Apr 13, 2023
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Monique Baham@moniqueb
4 stars
Mar 5, 2023
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Drew Spartz@drewspartz
4 stars
Jan 26, 2023
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Rohini Anandamurugan@rohini-anandamurugan
3 stars
Jan 20, 2023
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Aman ankur@amanankur
4 stars
Jan 2, 2023
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R L@ruthie313
4 stars
Jan 1, 2023
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Jason Skicewicz@jskitz
4 stars
Oct 25, 2022
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Andreia Santos@andicsantos
2 stars
Aug 24, 2022
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Guillaume Breton@guillaumebreton
5 stars
Aug 22, 2022
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Manuel Tiago Pereira@mtpereira
4 stars
Aug 21, 2022
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Grace-Anne@graceanne
5 stars
Aug 14, 2022
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Callie Anna@callieanna
4 stars
Aug 12, 2022
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雪 xue@snow
4 stars
Jul 25, 2022

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